Opšta veštačka inteligencija

Opšta veštačka inteligencija (AGI) je vrsta veštačke inteligencije (VI) koja može da radi jednako dobro ili bolje od ljudi na širokom spektru kognitivnih zadataka, za razliku od uske veštačke inteligencije, koja je dizajnirana za specifične zadatke. To je jedna od mnogobrojnih definicija jake VI. It is one of various definitions of strong AI.

Stvaranje AGI je primarni cilj istraživanja veštačke inteligencije i kompanija kao što su OpenAI, Dipmajnd i Antropik. Istraživanje iz 2020. identifikovalo je 72 aktivna AGI R&D projekta u 37 zemalja.

Vremenski okvir za razvoj AGI ostaje predmet stalne debate među istraživačima i stručnjacima. Prema podacima iz 2023. godine, deo javnog mnjenja smatra da bi to moglo biti moguće za nekoliko godina ili decenija; drugi smatraju da bi to moglo potrajati vek ili duže; a manjina veruje da se to možda nikada neće postići. Postoji debata o tačnoj definiciji AGI, kao i o tome da li su moderni veliki jezički modeli (LLM) kao što je GPT-4 rani, nekompletni oblici AGI. AGI je uobičajena tema u naučnoj fantastici i studijama budućnosti.

Postoji spor oko potencijala da AGI predstavlja pretnju čovečanstvu; na primer, OpenAI tvrdi da oni to tretiraju kao egzistencijalni rizik, dok drugi smatraju da je razvoj AGI previše udaljen da bi predstavljao rizik.

Terminologija

Opšta veštačka inteligencija je takođe poznat kao jaka VI, puna VI, veštačka inteligencija na nivou čoveka ili opšta inteligentna akcija. Međutim, neki akademski izvori rezervišu termin „jaka AI“ za kompjuterske programe koji doživljavaju osete ili svest. Nasuprot tome, slaba VI (ili uska VI) je u stanju da reši specifičan problem, ali joj nedostaju opšte kognitivne sposobnosti. Neki akademski izvori koriste „slabu veštačku inteligenciju“ za sve programe koji niti doživljavaju svest niti imaju um u istom smislu kao ljudi.

Povezani koncepti uključuju veštačku superinteligenciju i transformativnu veštačku inteligenciju. Veštačka superinteligencija (ASI) je hipotetički tip AGI koji je generalno mnogo inteligentniji od ljudi, dok se pojam transformativne VI odnosi na VI koja ima veliki uticaj na društvo, na primer, slično poljoprivrednoj ili industrijskoj revoluciji.

Literatura

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• Hanna, Alex, and Emily M. Bender, "Theoretical AI Harms Are a Distraction: Fearmongering about artificial intelligence's potential to end humanity shrouds the real harm it already causes", Scientific American, vol 330, no. 2 (February 2024), pp. 69–70. "[H]ype [about "existential risks"] surrounds many AI firms, but their technology already enables myriad harms, including... discrimination in housing, criminal justice, and health care, as well as the spread of hate speech and misinformation... Large language models extrude... fluent... coherent-seeming text but have no understanding of what the text means, let alone the ability to reason.... (p. 69.) [T]hat output... becomes a noxious... insidious pollutant of our information ecosystem.... [T]oo many... publications [about] AI come from corporate labs or... academic groups that receive... industry funding. Many of these publications are based on junk science [that] is nonreproducible... is full of hype, and uses evaluation methods that do not measure what they purport to... Meanwhile 'AI doomers' cite this junk science... to [misdirect] attention [to] the fantasy of all-powerful machines possibly going rogue and destroying humanity." (p. 70.)
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• Marcus, Gary, "Artificial Confidence: Even the newest, buzziest systems of artificial general intelligence are stymmied by the same old problems", . Scientific American. 327 (4).  (October 2022), pp. 42–45.
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