Ajzaja Berlin
Ajzaja Berlin (u nekim tekstovima na srpskom Isaija, engl. Isaiah Berlin, IPA: aɪˈzaɪə,[4] 6. jun 1909 — 5. novembar 1997), britanski istoričar ideja i filozof.[5] Rođen je u Rigi u Letoniji a u Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo je došao 1921.[6] Razvio je teoriju o obliku liberalnog kapitalizma koji se zasniva na njegovoj životnoj posvećenosti empiricizma i uticaju ideja mislilaca koji se suprostavljaju prosvetiteljstvu uključujući Vikoa (1668 — 1774), Herdera i Aleksandra Hercena (1812 — 1870). Osnov Berlinove filozofije je verovanje u moralni pluralizam odnosno uverenje da je sukob vrednosti sastavni deo ljudskih života. U svom najpoznatijem delu Četiri ogleda o slobodi (1958) vrednosti negativne slobode stavljao je iznad pozitivne slobode. Berlinova dela predstavljaju odbranu zapadnog liberalizma od totalitarizma.
Ajzaja Berlin | |
---|---|
Lični podaci | |
Datum rođenja | 5. jun 1909. |
Mesto rođenja | Riga, Ruska Imperija |
Datum smrti | 5. novembar 1997.88 god.) ( |
Mesto smrti | Oksford, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo |
Obrazovanje | Koledž Korpus Kristi, St Pols škola |
Filozofski rad | |
Škola filozofije | |
Uticaji od |
Rođen u Rigi (sada glavni grad Letonije, tada deo Ruskog carstva) 1909. godine, preselio se u Petrograd, Rusija, sa šest godina, gde je bio svedok revolucija 1917. Godine 1921, njegova porodica se preselila u Veliku Britaniju, i školovao se u školi St Pauls, London i Korpus Hristi koledžu u Oksfordu.[7] Godine 1932, u uzrastu od dvadeset tri godine, Berlin je izabran za nagradnu stipendiju na Ol Souls koledžu u Oksfordu. Pored sopstvenog plodnog rada, prevodio je dela Ivana Turgenjeva sa ruskog na engleski, a tokom Drugog svetskog rata radio je za Britansku diplomatsku službu. Od 1957. do 1967. bio je Čičelski profesor društvene i političke teorije na Univerzitetu u Oksfordu. Bio je predsednik Aristotelovskog društva od 1963. do 1964. Godine 1966. odigrao je ključnu ulogu u stvaranju Volfson koledža u Oksfordu i postao njegov osnivački predsednik. Berlin je imenovan za CBE 1946. godine, proglašen je vitezom 1957. i dodeljen mu je Orden za zasluge 1971. On je bio predsednik Britanske akademije od 1974. do 1978. Takođe je dobio nagradu Jerusalima 1979. za svoju doživotnu odbranu građanskih sloboda, i 25. novembra 1994. dobio je počasni stepen doktora prava na Univerzitetu u Torontu, za koju je priliku pripremio „kratki kredo” (kako ga je nazvao u pismu prijatelju), sada poznat kao „Poruka za Dvadeset prvi vek“, da se pročita u njegovo ime na svečanosti.[8]
Objavljeni radovi
urediOsim Nedovršenog dijaloga, sve knjige/izdanja navedena od 1978. nadalje uređivao je (ili, gde je navedeno, zajedno uređivao) Henri Hardi, a sve osim Karla Marksa su kompilacije ili transkripti predavanja, eseja i pisama. Dati detalji se odnose na prvo i najnovije izdanje u Velikoj Britaniji i aktuelno izdanje u SAD. Većina naslova je dostupna i kao e-knjige. Dvanaest naslova označenih sa '+' dostupno je na američkom tržištu u revidiranim izdanjima Prinston Universiti Presa, sa dodatnim materijalom iz Berlina i (osim u slučaju Karla Marksa) novim predgovorima savremenih autora; 5. izdanje Karla Marksa je takođe dostupno u Velikoj Britaniji.
- +Karl Marx: His Life and Environment, Thornton Butterworth, 1939. 5th ed., Karl Marx, 2013, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691156507.
- The Age of Enlightenment: The Eighteenth-Century Philosophers, New American Library, 1956. Out of print. Second edition (2017) available online only.[9]
- +The Hedgehog and the Fox: An Essay on Tolstoy's View of History, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1953. 2nd ed., 2014, Phoenix. ISBN 978-1780228433. 2nd US ed., Princeton University Press, (2013) ISBN 978-1400846634.
- Four Essays on Liberty, Oxford University Press, 1969. Superseded by Liberty.
- Vico and Herder: Two Studies in the History of Ideas, Chatto and Windus, 1976. Superseded by Three Critics of the Enlightenment.
- Russian Thinkers (edited by Henry Hardy and Aileen Kelly), Hogarth Press, 1978. 2nd ed. (revised by Henry Hardy), Penguin, (2008) ISBN 978-0141442204.
- +Concepts and Categories: Philosophical Essays, Hogarth Press, 1978. Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712665520. 2nd ed., 2013, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691157498.
- +Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas, Hogarth Press, 1979. Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712666909. 2nd ed., 2013, Princeton University Press.
- +Personal Impressions, Hogarth Press, 1980. 2nd ed., Pimlico, (1998) ISBN 978-0712666015. 3rd ed., 2014, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691157702.
- +The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas, John Murray, 1990. 2nd ed., Pimlico, (2013) ISBN 978-1845952082. 2nd ed., 2013, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691155937.
- The Magus of the North: J. G. Hamann and the Origins of Modern Irrationalism, John Murray, 1993. Superseded by Three Critics of the Enlightenment.
- +The Sense of Reality: Studies in Ideas and their History, Chatto & Windus, 1996. Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712673679. 2nd ed., 2019, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691182872.
- The Proper Study of Mankind: An Anthology of Essays (edited by Henry Hardy and Roger Hausheer) [a one-volume selection from the whole of Berlin's work], Chatto & Windus, 1997. 2nd ed., Vintage, (2013) ISBN 978-0099582762.
- +The Roots of Romanticism (lectures delivered in 1965), Chatto & Windus, 1999. [imlico. ISBN 978-0712665445. 2nd ed., 2013, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691156200.
- +Three Critics of the Enlightenment: Vico, Hamann, Herder, Pimlico, 2000. 2nd ed., (2013) ISBN 978-1845952136. 2nd ed., 2013, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691157658.
- +The Power of Ideas, Chatto & Windus, 2000. Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712665544. 2nd ed., 2013, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691157603.
- +Freedom and Its Betrayal: Six Enemies of Human Liberty (lectures delivered in 1952), Chatto & Windus, 2002. Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712668422. 2nd ed., 2014, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691114996.
- Liberty [revised and expanded edition of Four Essays on Liberty], Oxford University Press, (2002) ISBN 978-0199249893.
- The Soviet Mind: Russian Culture under Communism, Brookings Institution Press, (2004) ISBN 978-0815721550. 2nd ed., Brookings Classics, (2016) ISBN 978-0815728870.
- Flourishing: Letters 1928–1946, Chatto & Windus, 2004. Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712635653.
- +Political Ideas in the Romantic Age: Their Rise and Influence on Modern Thought (1952), Chatto & Windus, (2006) ISBN 0701179090. Pimlico, ISBN 978-1844139262. 2nd ed., 2014, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691126951.
- (with Beata Polanowska-Sygulska) Unfinished Dialogue, Prometheus, (2006) ISBN 978-1591023760.
- Enlightening: Letters 1946–1960 (edited by Henry Hardy and Jennifer Holmes), Chatto & Windus, (2009) ISBN 978-0701178895. Pimlico, ISBN 978-1844138340.
- Building: Letters 1960–1975 (edited by Henry Hardy and Mark Pottle), Chatto & Windus, (2013) ISBN 978-0701185763.
- Affirming: Letters 1975–1997 (edited by Henry Hardy and Mark Pottle), Chatto & Windus, (2015) ISBN 978-1784740085.
Reference
uredi- ^ Cherniss, Joshua; Hardy, Henry (25. 5. 2010). „Isaiah Berlin”. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Pristupljeno 7. 3. 2012.
- ^ Rosen, Frederick (2005). Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill. Routledge. str. 251. „According to Berlin, the most eloquent of all defenders of freedom and privacy [was] Benjamin Constant, who had not forgotten the Jacobin dictatorship”
- '^ Brockliss, Laurence; Robertson, Ritchie (2016). Isaiah Berlin and the Enlightenment. Oxford University Press. „Berlin refers to Diderot and Lessing as 'two of my favorite thinkers in the eighteenth century.”
- ^ „Definition of Isaiah | Dictionary.com”. www.dictionary.com (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2021-01-19.
- ^ „BBC News | UK | Philosopher and political thinker Sir Isaiah Berlin dies”. news.bbc.co.uk. Pristupljeno 2021-01-19.
- ^ Isaiah Berlin: In conversation with Steven Lukes, Isaiah Berlin and Steven Lukes, Salmagundi,No. 120 (FALL 1998), pp. 52–134
- ^ „Concepts and Categories – Philosophical Essays” (PDF). Pimlico. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 19. 05. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 6. 9. 2016.
- ^ The New York Review of Books, 23 October 2014, "A Message to the 21st Century", http://www.sjpcommunications.org/images/uploads/documents/Isaiah_Berlin.pdf Arhivirano 9 januar 2021 na sajtu Wayback Machine
- ^ „The Age of Enlightenment” (PDF). 2017. Pristupljeno 29. 8. 2017.
Literatura
uredi- Ignatieff, Michael (1998). Isaiah Berlin: A Life. New York: Metropolitan. ISBN 0805063005. OCLC 42666274. Authorised biography.
- Baum, Bruce and Robert Nichols, eds. Isaiah Berlin and the Politics of Freedom: 'Two Concepts of Liberty' 50 Years Later, (Routledge, 2013).
- Benhabib, Seyla. Exile, Statelessness, and Migration: Playing Chess with History from Hannah Arendt to Isaiah Berlin (Princeton University Press, 2018)
- Blattberg, Charles (2000). From Pluralist to Patriotic Politics: Putting Practice First. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198296886. A critique of Berlin's value pluralism. Blattberg has also criticised Berlin for taking politics "too seriously."
- Brockliss, Laurence and Ritchie Robertson (eds.), Isaiah Berlin and the Enlightenment, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
- Caute, David, Isaac and Isaiah: The Covert Punishment of a Cold War Heretic (Yale University Press, 2013)
- Cherniss, Joshua, and Steven Smith, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Isaiah Berlin (Cambridge University Press, 2018). excerpt
- Crowder, George (2004). Isaiah Berlin: Liberty and Pluralism. Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0745624766.
- Crowder, George. The Problem of Value Pluralism: Isaiah Berlin and Beyond (Routledge, 2019)
- Dubnov, Arie M. Isaiah Berlin: The Journey of a Jewish Liberal (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).
- Galipeau, Claude (1994). Isaiah Berlin's Liberalism. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0198278683.
- Gray, John. Isaiah Berlin: An Interpretation of His Thought, (Princeton University Press, 1996). ISBN 069104824X.
- Hardy, Henry, ed. The Book of Isaiah: Personal Impressions of Isaiah Berlin Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (1. avgust 2009) (The Boydell Press, 2009).
- Ignatieff, Michael. Isaiah Berlin: A Life (Chatto and Windus, 1998)
- Lyons, Johnny. The Philosophy of Isaiah Berlin (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020). excerpt
- Müller, Jan-Werner, ed. Isaiah Berlin’s Cold War Liberalism (Springer, 2019).
- Walicki, Andrzej. Encounters with Isaiah Berlin: Story of an Intellectual Friendship (Peter Lang, 2011).
- Sir Isaiah Berlin – May He Rest in Peace.
- A tribute to Isaiah Berlin & A conversation with Isaiah Berlin on The Philosopher's Zone, ABC, 6 & 13 June 2009.
- Isaiah Berlin and the history of ideas.
- The Isaiah Berlin Virtual Library, Wolfson College, Oxford.
- A podcast interview with Henry Hardy on Berlin's pluralism.
- A recording of the last of Berlin's Mellon Lectures, Wolfson College, Oxford.
- Biographical information on Sir Isaiah Berlin.
- A section from the last essay written by Isaiah Berlin, The New York Review of Books, Vol. XLV, Number 8 (1998).
- Ned O'Gorman, 'My dinners with Isaiah: the music of a philosopher's life – Sir Isaiah Berlin' – includes related article on Isaiah Berlin's commitment to ideals of genuine understanding over intellectual mastery, Commonweal, 14 August 1998.
- Tribute from the Chief Rabbi at his funeral.
- Anecdote from Wolfson College's tribute page.
- Hywel Williams: An English liberal stooge.
- Letter to Berlin from Tony Blair, 23 October 1997.
- Assaf Inbari, "The Spectacles of Isaiah Berlin", Azure (Spring 2006).
- Obituary by Henry Hardy.
- Joshua Cherniss, 'Isaiah Berlin: A Defence', in the Oxonian Review
- Joshua Cherniss, 'Freedom and Philosophers', review of Freedom and its Betrayal in the Oxonian Review
- Isaiah Berlin, Beyond the Wit, Evan R. Goldstein.
- Berlin archive and author page from The New York Review of Books.
Spoljašnje veze
uredi- Website and bibliography of Isaiah Berlin's writings
- Full text of Concepts and Categories Arhivirano 19 maj 2016 na sajtu Wayback Machine
- Entry on Isaiah Berlin in the International Encyclopedia of Ethics
- Cherniss, Joshua; Hardy, Henry. „Isaiah Berlin”. Ur.: Zalta, Edward N. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Bibliography at Wolfson College
- Bragg, Melvyn, „War in the 20th Century”, In Our Time, BBC Radio Four, including a discussion with Michael Ignatieff, biographer, of the ideas of Berlin, a year after the latter's death
- Sir Isaiah Berlin's Blue Plaque on Headington House
- Isaiah Berlin Day in Riga
- Broadcasts