Шпијунажа

Шпијунажа је обавештајна делатност која се састоје од одавања или саопштавања прикупљених података који представљају војну, службену, привредну или индустријску тајну другој особи, ратној страни, држави или организацији. Подвргнута је међународном праву искључиво у области међународног хуманитарног права, а у мирнодопским условима спада под кривично право поједине државе.

Особа која се бави шпијунажом назива се шпијун или шпијунка,^[1] а средства и начини којима они долазе до података су: праћење, тајно и неприметно прислушкивање разговора било да су то разговори телефоном, на интернету, тј. друштвеним мрежама или уживо на јавном месту разговор између две особе тако што се тихо ушуњају, сакрију се или преко врата или зида прислушкују, крађа писама, туђих податка, па тајно мотрење кретања, рада или неке друге активности посматране стране, достављање података, поверљивих тајних информација, одавање, потказивање или цинкарење итд.^[2] Шпијуни су често полиглоте, говоре више од два или три страна језика, а неретко се у зависности од задатка прерушавају у нпр. жене, носећи перике, хаљине и шминку, носе одела, глуме да су нека друга особа, имају лажна документа, папире, пасош и личну карту. Труде се да не оставе никакве отиске прстију, да су им ђонови чисти од ципела, носе рукавице, да не пију ништа на јавном месту или догађају, не причају много, само ако им се неко обрати итд.^[3]^[4]

Види још

Референце

^ „Espionage”. MI5.
^ Office of the Director of National Intelligence (2011-05-02). „TERMS & DEFINITIONS OF INTEREST FOR DoD COUNTERINTELLIGENCE PROFESSIONALS” (PDF).
^ „USA v. Robert Philip Hanssen: Affidavit in Support of Criminal Complaint, Arrest Warrant and Search Warrant”. fas.org. Приступљено 19. март 2011.
^ „Aldrich Ames Criminal Complaint”. jya.com. Архивирано из оригинала 13. 5. 2011. г. Приступљено 19. март 2011.

Литература

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Aldrich, Richard J., Christopher Andrew (ур.). Secret Intelligence: A Reader (2nd изд.). 2018); focus on the 21st century; reprints 30 essays by scholars. excerpt
Burnham, Frederick Russell (1944). Taking Chances.
Felix, Christopher [pseudonym for James McCarger] Intelligence Literature: Suggested Reading List. US CIA. Приступљено 2. 9. 2012. ^{[мртва веза]} A Short Course in the Secret War, 4th Edition. Madison Books. ASIN B072BM8WQ1. , November 19, 2001.
Friedman, George. America's Secret War: Inside the Hidden Worldwide Struggle Between the United States and Its Enemies 2005
Gopnik, Adam, "Spy vs. Spy vs. Spy: How valuable is espionage?", The New Yorker, 2 September 2019, pp. 53–59. "There seems to be a paranoid paradox of espionage: the better your intelligence, the dumber your conduct; the more you know, the less you anticipate.... Hard-won information is ignored or wildly misinterpreted.... [It] happens again and again [that] a seeming national advance in intelligence is squandered through cross-bred confusion, political rivalry, mutual bureaucratic suspicions, intergovernmental competition, and fear of the press (as well as leaks to the press), all seasoned with dashes of sexual jealousy and adulterous intrigue." (p. 54.)
Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri (2013). In Spies, We Trust: The Story of Western Intelligence. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-958097-2. , covers U.S. and Britain
Jenkins, Peter (2010). Surveillance Tradecraft: The Professional's Guide to Surveillance Training. Intel. ISBN 978-0-9535378-2-2.
Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth & K. Lee Lerner, ур. (2006). Terrorism: essential primary sources. Thomson Gale. ISBN 978-1-4144-0621-3. Thomas Gale
May, Ernest R. ed. Knowing One's Enemies: Intelligence Assessment Before the Two World Wars (1984).
O'Toole, George. Honorable Treachery: A History of U.S. Intelligence, Espionage, Covert Action from the American Revolution to the CIA 1991
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Smith Jr., W. Thomas. (2003). Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency.
Andrew, Christopher (2018). The Secret World: A History of Intelligence. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300238440. 940pp. covers ancient history to present; excerpt
Becket, Henry S. A. (1986). Dictionary of Espionage: Spookspeak into English. ISBN 978-0-8128-3068-2. ' covers 2000 terms
Besik, Aladashvili (2017). Fearless: A Fascinating Story of Secret Medieval Spies. ASIN B072BM8WQ1.
Buranelli, Vincent, Nan Buranelli (1982). Spy Counterspy an Encyclopedia of Espionage. , 360pp
Burton, Bob (2014). Dictionary of Espionage and Intelligence. Skyhorse. ISBN 978-1-62914-212-8. 800+ terms used in international and covert espionage
Dover, R., M.S. Goodman, C. Hillebrand, ур. (2014). Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies. .
Garthoff, Raymond L. (2004). „Foreign Intelligence and the Historiography of the Cold War”. Journal of Cold War Studies. 6 (2): 21—56. doi:10.1162/152039704773254759.
Haslam,Jonathan, Karina Urbach, ур. (2014). Secret Intelligence in the European States System, 1918–1989. covers USSR, Britain, France, East Germany and West Germany
Hughes-Wilson, John (2017). The Secret State: A History of Intelligence and Espionage. Pegasus Books. ISBN 978-1-68177-302-5. excerpt
Jeffreys-Jones Rhodri (2015). In spies we trust: the story of Western intelligence. -870190-3.
Kahn, David. (1967). The Codebreakers: The Comprehensive History of Secret Communication from Ancient Times to the Internet (2nd изд.). David Kahn. 1996)
Keegan, John (2003). Intelligence In War: Knowledge of the Enemy from Napoleon to Al-Qaeda.
Knightley, Philip (1986). The Second Oldest Profession: Spies and Spying in the Twentieth Century. ISBN 978-0-393-02386-2. . online free to borrow
Lerner, K. Lee, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, ур. (2004). Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence and Security. 1100 pages, 800 entries; emphasis 1990 to present
Owen, David (2002). Hidden Secrets: A Complete History of Espionage and the Technology Used to Support It. Silverdale Books. ISBN 978-1-55297-564-0.
Polmar, Norman, Thomas Allen (1998). Spy Book: The Encyclopedia of Espionage (2nd изд.). Gramercy Books. ISBN 978-0-517-20269-2. (2004) 752pp 2000+ entries online freee to borrow
Richelson, Jeffery T (1997). A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century.
Trahair, Richard, Robert L. Miller (2004). Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations (2nd изд.). (2004) 572pp; 300+ entries;
Warner, Michael (2014). The Rise and Fall of Intelligence: An International Security History. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-1626161030. excerpt
Woods, Brett F (2008). Neutral Ground: A Political History of Espionage Fiction.

Први светски рат

Andrew, Christopher. (2010-10-19). The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5. Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-14-317458-5. Проверите вредност парамет(а)ра за датум: |year= / |date= mismatch (помоћ) Section A
Boghardt, Thomas (2004). Spies of the Kaiser: German Covert Operations in Great Britain during the First World War Era. .
Boghardt, Thomas (2012). The Zimmermann telegram: intelligence, diplomacy, and America's entry into World War I. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-61251-148-1. .
Dockrill, Michael., David French, ур. (1996). Strategy and Intelligence: British Policy During the First World War. .
Debruyne, Emmanuel. "Espionage" In: Ute Daniel, et al. eds. 1914-1918-online: International Encyclopedia of the First World War online 22 page scholarly history full text
Finnegan, Terrance (2009). „The Origins of Modern Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance: Military Intelligence at the Front, 1914–18”. Studies in Intelligence. 4: 25—40. .
Foley, Robert T (2005). „Easy Target or Invincible Enemy? German Intelligence Assessments of France Before the Great War.”. Journal of Intelligence History. 5 (2): 1—24. doi:10.1080/16161262.2005.10555115. .
Hiley, Nicholas (1986). „Counter-espionage and Security in Great Britain during the First World War”. English Historical Review. 3: 635—70. doi:10.1093/ehr/CI.CCCC.635.
Hiley, Nicholas (1985). „The Failure of British Counter-espionage against Germany, 1907–1914”. Historical Journal. 28 (4): 835—62. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00005094. .
Hiley, Nicholas (2006). „Entering the Lists: MI5's Great Spy Round-up of August 1914.”. Intelligence and National Security. 1: 46—76. doi:10.1080/02684520600568303. .
Kahn, David (1980). „Codebreaking in World Wars I and II: The Major Successes and Failures, Their Causes and Their Effects”. Historical Journal. 23 (3): 617—39. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00024912. .
Larsen, Daniel (2014). „Intelligence in the First World War: The state of the field.”. Intelligence and National Security. 29 (2): 282—302. doi:10.1080/02684527.2012.727070. , comprehensive overview
Larsen, Daniel (2017). „British codebreaking and American diplomatic telegrams, 1914–1915.”. Intelligence and National Security. 32 (2): 256—263. doi:10.1080/13698230.2016.1253174. . The British read the American secrets from late 1915 online
May, Ernest R. ed. Knowing One's Enemy: Intelligence Assessment Before the two World Wars (1984)
Mount, Graeme (1993). Canada's Enemies: Spies and Spying in the Peaceable Kingdom. ch. 3.
Pöhlmann, Markus (2005). „German Intelligence at War, 1914–1918.”. Journal of Intelligence History. 5 (2): 25—54. doi:10.1080/16161262.2005.10555116. .
Seligmann, Matthew (2006). Spies in Uniform: British Military and Naval Intelligence on the Eve of the First World War. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-926150-5.
Spence, Richard B (1996). „K.A. Jahnke and the German Sabotage Campaign in the United States and Mexico, 1914–1918”. Historian. 1: 89—112. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1996.tb00986.x. .
Witcover, Jules. Sabotage at Black Tom: Imperial Germany's Secret War in America, 1914–1917 (1989).

Међуратни и Други светски рат, 1919–1945

Breuer, William B (1988). The Secret War with Germany: Deception, Espionage, and Dirty Tricks, 1939–1945. Presidio Press. ISBN 978-0-89141-298-4. .
Chambers, I. I.; John Whiteclay (2008). OSS Training in the National Parks and Service Abroad in World War II. NPS. online; chapters 1–2 and 8–11 provide a useful summary history of OSS by a scholar.
Crowdy, Terry (2008). Deceiving Hitler: Double Cross and Deception in World War II. Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84603-135-9. .
De Jong, Louis (1953). The German Fifth Column in the Second World War. covers activities in all major countries.
Drea, Edward J. MacArthur's ULTRA: Codebreaking and the War against Japan, 1942–1945 (1992).
Farago, Ladislas (1971). The game of the foxes: the untold story of German espionage in the United States and Great Britain during World War II. , popular.
Haufler, Hervie (2014). Codebreakers' Victory: How the Allied Cryptographers Won World War II. .
Hinsley, F. H.; et al. (1979). British Intelligence in the Second World War. Непознати параметар |DUPLICATE_year= игнорисан (помоћ).
- Beesly, Patrick; et al. (1983). „What You Don't Know by What You Do Know.”. International History Review. 5 (2): 279—290. JSTOR 40105296. doi:10.1080/07075332.1983.9640313.
Jackson, Peter, Joseph Maiolo (2006). „Strategic intelligence, Counter-Intelligence and Alliance Diplomacy in Anglo-French relations before the Second World War.”. Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift. 65 (2): 417—462. doi:10.1524/mgzs.2006.65.2.417.
Jörgensen, Christer. Spying for the Fuhrer: Hitler's Espionage Machine (2014).
Kahn, David (1980). „Codebreaking in World Wars I and II: The Major Successes and Failures, Their Causes and Their Effects”. Historical Journal. 23 (3): 617—39. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00024912. .
Lewin, Ronald (1984). The American magic: codes, ciphers, and the defeat of Japan. .
Masterman, J. C. (1972). The Double-Cross System: The Incredible True Story of How Nazi Spies Were Turned into Double Agents. Lyons Press. ISBN 978-1-58574-130-4. Непознати параметар |DUPLICATE_year= игнорисан (помоћ) excerpt
Mauch, Christof (2005). The Shadow War Against Hitler: The Covert Operations of America's Wartime Secret Intelligence Service. . scholarly history of OSS.
May, Ernest R. ed. Knowing One's Enemy: Intelligence Assessment Before the two World Wars (1984)
Murray, Williamson, Allan Reed Millett, ур. (1992). Calculations: net assessment and the coming of World War II. .
Paine, Lauran (1984). German Military Intelligence in World War II: The Abwehr. .
Persico, Joseph E (2001). Roosevelt's secret war: FDR and World War II espionage. Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-50246-0. .
Smith, Richard (1972). OSS: The Secret History of America's First Central Intelligence Agency. U of California Press. online review Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (1. новембар 2020)
Sexton Jr., Donal J (1996). Signals Intelligence in World War II: A Research Guide. evaluates 800 primary and secondary sources
Smith, Bradley F (1983). The Shadow Warriors: OSS and the Origins of the CIA. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-07756-4. for U.S.A.
Special Operations Executive. How to be a Spy: The World War II SOE Training Manual. (1943, 2001) How to become a British spy. online free
Stephan, Robert W. Stalin's secret war: Soviet counterintelligence against the Nazis, 1941–1945 (2004).

Француска

Alexander, Martin S (1991). „Did the Deuxième Bureau work? The role of intelligence in French defence policy and strategy, 1919–39.”. Intelligence and National Security. 6 (2): 293—333. doi:10.1080/02684529108432105. .
Bauer, Deborah Susan (2013). Marianne is Watching: Knowledge, Secrecy, Intelligence and the Origins of the French Surveillance State (1870–1914). PhD Dissertation, UCLA. Online Bibliography pp. 536–59.
Deacon, Richard. (1990). The French Secret Service. ISBN 978-0-586-20673-7. .(1990).
Jackson, Peter (2000). France and the Nazi Menace: Intelligence and Policy Making, 1933–1939. .
Keiger, John (2001). France and the World since 1870. ch 4: "French Intelligence" pp. 80–109.
Porch, Douglas (2003). The French Secret Services: A History of French Intelligence from the Dreyfus Affair to the Gulf War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-374-52945-1.
Whitcomb, Edward A (1972). „The Duties and Functions of Napoleon's External Agents.”. History. 57 (190): 189—204. doi:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1972.tb01262.x. .