Cefej (sazvežđe)
Cefej (lat. Cepheus) je sazvežđe severne hemisfere, jedno od 88 savremenih i 48 originalnih Ptolomejevih sazvežđa. Prepoznatljivo je po karakterističnom rasporedu najsjajnijih zezda u obliku kućice.[2][3]
| Sazvežđe | |
 | |
| Latinsko ime | Cepheus |
|---|---|
| Skraćenica | Cep |
| Genitiv | Cephei |
| Simbolizuje | Cefeja, mitskog kralja Etiopije |
| Rektascenzija | 22 |
| Deklinacija | +70[1] |
| Površina | 588 sq. deg. (27) |
| Najsjajnija zvezda | Alfa Cefeja (Alderamin) (2,44m) |
| Meteorski rojevi | (nema) |
| Susedna sazvežđa | |
| Vidljivo u rasponu +90° i −10°. U najboljem položaju za posmatranje u 21:00 čas u novembru. | |
Mitologija
urediPo mitologiji, Cefej je bio kralj Etiopije čije je žena Kasiopeja tvrdila da je lepša od Nereida, zbog čega su osuđeni da žrtvuju svoju ćerku Andromedu morskom čudovištu. Andromedu je spasio Persej skamenivši morsko čudovište pomoću glave Meduze.
Sve ličnosti ovog mita su dobile svoje sazvežđe: Cefej, Kasiopeja, Andromeda, Persej, Pegaz (krilati konj koji je izašao iz Meduzinog tela nakon što joj je Persej odsekao glavu) i Kit (morsko čudovište).
Zvezde
urediNajsjajnija zvezda ovog sazvežđa je alfa Cefeja (Alderamin, „desna ruka“), subdžin A klase na putu da postane crveni džin. Usled precesije Zemljine ose, Alderamin je bio severna polarna zvezda pre 20.000 godina, a biće ponovo za 5.500 godina. Magnituda Alderamina je 2,44.
Beta Cefeja (Alfirk, „stado“) je druga najsjajnija zvezda Cefeja, magnitude 3,23. Alfirk je trojni sistem čija je primarna komponenta pulsirajuća promenljiva, prototip svoje klase. Od Sunca je udaljena približno 595 svetlosnih godina.
Gama Cefeja (Erai ili Alrai, „pastir“) je dvojna zvezda koja leži na oko 45 svetlosnih godina od Sunca. Primarna komponenta je narandžasti subdžin za koga se veruje da je star 6,6 miliona godina. Pratilac je verovatno crveni patuljak iste starosti. Erai, magitude 3,21, će biti severna polarna zvezda pre Alderamina, za 4000 godina. Jedna vansolarna planeta (Tadmor) orbitira oko glavne zvezde sistema. Otkrivena je 2002, premda je prvi put detektovana 1988. godine, što bi je činilo prvom vansolarnom planetom ikad otkrivenom.
Delta Cefeja (Al radif, „pratilac“) je dvojna zvezda magnitude 3,75. Primarna komponenta je žuti džin koji je prototip svoje klase promenljivih koje služe kao nebeske standardne sveće. Pratilac je plav, magnitude 7,5.
Objekti dubokog neba
urediU Cefeju se nalazi nekoliko zanimljivih objekata dubokog neba. U blizini severnog nebeskog pola se nalazi NGC 188, vrlo staro globularno jato koga čini oko 150 zvezda. Otkrio ga je Džon Heršel 1825. godine, a pretpostavlja se da je formirano pre 10-20 milijardi godina.
Oko 2°,5 južno od tete Cefeja se nalazi otvoreno zvezdano jato NGC 6939 koga čini osamdesetak zvezda.
Na granici sa Labudom se nalazi NGC 6946, spiralna galaksija poznata i po nazivu „Vatromet galaksija“ jer je u njoj do sada opaženo 9 supernovih. Od Sunca je udaljena oko 10 miliona svetlosnih godina.
Reference
uredi- ^ „Cepheus, constellation boundary”. The Constellations. International Astronomical Union. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2014.
- ^ Ghisellini, G.; Ceca, R. Della; Volonteri, M.; Ghirlanda, G.; Tavecchi, F.; Foschini, L.; Tagliaferri, G.; Haardt, F.; Pareschi, G.; Grindlay, J. (2010). „Chasing the heaviest black holes in active galactic nuclei, the largest black hole”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 405: 387. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.405..387G. S2CID 40214759. arXiv:0912.0001
. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16449.x. This paper does acknowledge the possibility of an optical illusion that would cause an overestimation of the mass.
- ^ Ghisellini, G.; Foschini, L.; Volonteri, M.; Ghirlanda, G.; Haardt, F.; Burlon, D.; Tavecchio, F.; et al. (14. 7. 2009). „The blazar S5 0014+813: a real or apparent monster?”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. v2. 399 (1): L24—L28. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.399L..24G. S2CID 14438667. arXiv:0906.0575 . doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00716.x.
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Spoljašnje veze
uredi
- Sazvežđe Cefej na TopAstronomer.com (jezik: engleski)
