Rigel
Rigel ili alfa Oriona (lat. α Orionis), je najsjajnija zvezda u sazvežđu Oriona i šesta najsjajnija zvezda na noćnom nebu, odmah iza Kapele. Nalazi se na udaljenosti od 775 svetlosnih godina i zrači 40.000 puta više od Sunca što je čini jednom od najsjajnijih zvezda u Mlečnom putu. Površinska temperatura Rigela je 11000 K što uzrokuje plavo-belu boju zvezde. Kako Rigel znatnim delom zrači UV zracima, znatan deo njegovog sjaja je zapravo nevidljiv golom oku, a njegov ukupni sjaj je 66.000 puta jači od Sunčevog. Ona formira levu nogu Oriona, po čemu je i dobila naziv koji vodi poreklo od arapskog naziva. Rigel je po strukturi zapravo sistem od tri zvezde:
- Rigel A, koji je B8Iab[19] plavi superdžin i oko koga orbitira binarni sistem koji čine:
- Rigel B, koji je 2.5 puta veći od Sunca
- Rigel C, koji je 1.9 puta veći od Sunca
  | |
| Opservacioni podaci Epoha J2000.0 Ravnodnevnica J2000.0 | |
|---|---|
| Sazvežđe | Orion |
| Izgovor | /ˈraɪdʒəl/[1] or /-ɡəl/[2] |
| A | |
| Rektascenzija | 05h 14m 32.27210s[3] |
| Deklinacija | −08° 12′ 05.8981″[3] |
| Prividna magnituda (V) | 0,13[4] (0.05–0.18[5]) |
| BC | |
| Rektascenzija | 05h 14m 32.049s[6] |
| Deklinacija | −08° 12′ 14.78″[6] |
| Prividna magnituda (V) | 6,67[7] (7.5/7.6[8]) |
| Karakteristike | |
| A | |
| Evolucioni stupanj | Plavi superdžin |
| Spektralni tip | B8 Ia[9] |
| U−B indeks boja | −0.66[10] |
| B−V indeks boja | −0.03[10] |
| Varijabilni tip | Alfa Signi[11] |
| BC | |
| Evolucioni stupanj | Glavni niz |
| Spektralni tip | B9V + B9V[12] |
| Astrometrija | |
| Radijalna brzina (Rv) | 17,8±0,4[13] km/s |
| Sopstveno kretanje (μ) | RA: +1.31[3] mas/g Dek.: +0.50[3] mas/g |
| Paralaksa (π) | 3.78 ± 0.34[3] mas |
| Rastojanje | 860 ± 80 ly (260 ± 20 ps) |
| Apsolutna magnituda (MV) | –7.84[9] |
| Orbita[12] | |
| Primarna | A |
| Kompanjon | BC |
| Period (P) | 24,000 g |
| Orbita[7] | |
| Primarna | Ba |
| Kompanjon | Bb |
| Period (P) | 9.860 days |
| Ekscentricitet (e) | 0.1 |
| Poluamplituda (K1) (primarna) | 25.0 km/s |
| Poluamplituda (K2) (sekundarna) | 32.6 km/s |
| Orbita[12] | |
| Primarna | B |
| Kompanjon | C |
| Period (P) | 63 g |
| Detalji | |
| A | |
| Masa | 21±3[14] M☉ |
| Poluprečnik | 78,9±7,4[15] R☉ |
| Luminoznost (bolometrijska) | 1,20+0,25 −0,21×105[15] L☉ |
| Površinska gravitacija (log g) | 1,75±0,10[16] cgs |
| Temperatura | 12,100±150[16] K |
| Metaličnost [Fe/H] | −0,06±0,10[9] dex |
| Rotaciona brzina (v sin i) | 25±3[16] km/s |
| Starost | 8±1[9] Myr |
| Ba | |
| Masa | 3.84[12] M☉ |
| Bb | |
| Masa | 2.94[12] M☉ |
| C | |
| Masa | 3.84[12] M☉ |
| Druge oznake | |
| A: Rigel, Algebar, Elgebar, 19 Orionis, HD 34085, HR 1713, HIP 24436, SAO 131907, BD-08°1063, FK5 194 | |
| B: Rigel B, GCRV 3111 | |
| Referentne baze podataka | |
| SIMBAD | Rigel |
| Rigel B | |
Neki smatraju da u sistemu postoji i četvrta zvezda, ali je to tumačenje mahom neprihvaćeno i efekti koji se tumače kao četvrta zvezda se pripisuju nestabilnosti Rigela A. Zahvaljujući svojoj jakoj svetlosti, zvezda osvetljava i nekoliko maglina od kojih su najpoznatije:
- Maglina Veštičija glava
- Maglina Orion, koja je od Zemlje udaljena duplo više nego Rigel
Rigel A je zvezda sa masom 17 puta većom od Sunca i polako je započeo njen proces umiranja jer, više ne fuzioniše vodonik u helijum već helijum u ugljenik i kiseonik. Zvezda će u daljoj budućnosti završiti možda kao supernova ili će iza sebe ostaviti veoma gustog belog patuljka od kiseonika i neona.
Imena
urediU zapadnoj svetu (Evropa, SAD, Kanada) zvezda je poznata kao Rigel ili, doduše vrlo retko,Algebar / Elgebar što su zapravo nazivi izvedeni od arapskih imena.
Arapski nazivi:
- Rijl Jauza al-Yusra (leva noga Glavnog), od čega je izveden naziv Rigel
- Ar-Rijl al-Jabbār / الرجل الجبار (noga Velikog), od čega je izveden naziv Algebar / Elgebar
Kineski naziv:
- Shēnxiù Qī / 参宿七 (sedma zvezda od Tri Zvezde)
Japanu:
- Genij-boshi / 源氏星 (Zvezda Genij roda): Bela zastava Genij roda
Vidi još
urediReference
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Spoljašnje veze
uredi
- Rigel
- NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Rigel and the Witch Head Nebula (15 January 2018)
- NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: A Blazing Fireball between the Orion Nebula and Rigel (16 November 2015)
- December double star of the month – beta Orionis Astronomical Society of Southern Africa
- My Favorite Double Star AAVSO