Artiljerija

Artiljerija je naziv za rod kopnene vojske kome je svrha obavljanje borbenih zadataka uz pomoć artiljerijskih oruđa.^[1]^[2] Često se naziva Kraljicom bitke. Iako se pojava artiljerije obično vezuje uz razvitak vatrenog oružja, ona je postojala i u ranijem periodu u obliku različitih naprava za ispaljivanje velikih projektila na daljinu, najčešće u svrhu rušenja neprijateljskih fortifikacija u tvrđavskom ratovanju. Zbog slabe mobilisanosti, preciznosti i brzine ispaljivanja ispočetka je gotovo isključivo korištena kao opsadna artiljerija.

S vremenom je razvitak metalurgije, odnosno nešto lakših i mobilnijih tipova artiljerijskog oruđa doveo do stvaranja poljske artiljerije, koja se s vremenom počela odvajati od pešadije naoružane streljačkim naoružanjem, te je počela igrati sve važniju ulogu u bitkama na otvorenom polju. Artiljerija je do XX veka stekla takav domet i razornu moć, da joj se pripisuje većina ljudskih gubitaka u Prvom svetskom ratu. Artiljerija se, s obzirom na težinu oruđa, deli na i laku i tešku artiljeriju, a po nameni, uz poljsku artiljeriju postoje još i: protivtenkovska artiljerija, protivavionska artiljerija i obalna artiljerija. Brodska artiljerija je naziv za artiljerijska oružja koja sačinjavaju naoružanje pojedinog ratnog broda. Artiljerijske jedinice koje se sastoje samohodnih artiljerijskih oruđa se nazivaju samohodna artiljerija.

Artiljerija se koristila barem od prve Industrijske revolucije. Većina borbenih poginuća u Napoleonovim ratovima, Prvom i Drugom svetskom ratu izazvana je artiljerijom.^[3] Godine 1944, Josif Staljin je u govoru rekao da je artiljerija „Bog rata”.^[3]

Vidi još

Reference

^ Holmes, Richard (1988). The World Atlas of Warfare: Military Innovations that Changed the Course of History. New York: Viking Studio Books. ISBN 978-0-670-81967-6. OCLC 17840438.
^ Mišić, Milan, ur. (2005). Enciklopedija Britanika. A-B. Beograd: Narodna knjiga : Politika. str. 71. ISBN 86-331-2075-5.
^ ^a ^b Bellamy, Christopher (2004). „artillery”. Oxford Companion to Military History. Oxford University Press.

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Dodatna literatura

„What sort of forensic information can be derived from the analysis of shell fragments”. doi:10.1179/1574077313Z.00000000029.

Spoljašnje veze

[1] Holmes, Richard (1988). The World Atlas of Warfare: Military Innovations that Changed the Course of History. New York: Viking Studio Books. ISBN 978-0-670-81967-6. OCLC 17840438.

[британика_1-2] Mišić, Milan, ur. (2005). Enciklopedija Britanika. A-B. Beograd: Narodna knjiga : Politika. str. 71. ISBN 86-331-2075-5.

[bellamy-3] Bellamy, Christopher (2004). „artillery”. Oxford Companion to Military History. Oxford University Press.

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[2]

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