Rozalind Frenklin
Rozalind Elsi Franklin (engl. Rosalind Elsie Franklin; 25. jul 1920 — 16. april 1958)[1] je bila britanska biofizičarka i kristalografkinja. Njen rad sadrži ključni doprinos razumevanju fine molekulske strukture DNK, RNK, virusa, uglja i grafita.[2] Najpoznatija je po radu na DNK jer dezoksiribonukleinska kiselina ima esencijalne uloge u ćelijskom metabolizmu i genetici. Otkriće njene strukture je pomoglo naučnicima da razumeju način na koji se genetička informacija prenosi sa roditelja na decu.
| Rozalind Franklin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rođen | 25. јул 1920. Noting Hil, London, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo |
| Umro | 16. april 1958. (37 god.) Čelsi, London, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo Rak jajnika |
| Nacionalnost | Britanska |
| Polja | Kristalografija X-zracima |
| Institucije | Britianska asocijacija za upotrebu uglja Kingov koledž, London Birkbek koledž, London |
| Alma mater | Njunham koledž, Kambridž |
| Poznat po | Fina struktura uglja i grafita, DNK struktura, virusi |
Franklin je najpoznatija po njenom difrakcionom snimku DNK koje je dovelo do otkrića DNK dvostrukog heliksa. Njeni podaci su prema izjavi Fransisa Krika korišćeni[3] 1953. za formulisanje hipoteze o strukturi DNK.[4] Franklinovi snimci difrakcije X-zraka koji su potvrdili heliksnu strukturu DNK su pokazani Votsonu bez njenog odobrenja ili znanja. Mada su taj snimak i njena precizna interpretacija pružili značajan uvid u DNK strukturu, njen naučni doprinos tom otkriću se retko navodi. Njen neobjavljeni manuskript pokazuje da je ona nezavisno utvrdila sveukupnu B-formu DNK heliksa i lokaciju fosfatnih grupa na obodu strukture.[5]
Nakon rada na DNK, Franklin je izučavala viruse mozaika duvana i polio. Ona je preminula 1958 usled komplikacija izazvanih rakom jajnika.
Reference
уреди- ^ „The Rosalind Franklin Papers, Biographical Information”. profiles.nlm.nih.gov. Приступљено 13. 11. 2011.
- ^ „The Rosalind Franklin Papers, The Holes in Coal: Research at BCURA and in Paris, 1942-1951”. profiles.nlm.nih.gov. Приступљено 13. 11. 2011.
- ^ Crick's 31 December 1961 letter to Jacques Monod was discovered in the Archives of the Pasteur Institute by Doris Zeller, then reprinted in "Nature Correspondence" 425, 15 on September 4, 2003 Watson confirmed this opinion in his own statement at the opening of the King's college Franklin-Wilkins building in 2000.
- ^ Watson JD, Crick FHC (1953). "A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid". Nature 171: 737–738. Full text PDF This article was immediately followed by the two King's submissions: M.H.F. Wilkins, A.R. Stokes, and H.R. Wilson. Molecular Structure of Deoxypentose Nucleic Acids, pp738–740 then by: Rosalind E. Franklin and R.G. Gosling. Molecular configuration of Sodium Thymonucleate pp 740–741.
- ^ Double Helix: 50 Years of DNA. Nature archives. Nature Publishing Group
Literatura
уреди- Bryson, B. A Short History of Nearly Everything. (2004). Black Swan. ISBN 978-0-552-99704-1.
- Crick, F.; Watson, J. (1953). „Molecular structure of nucleic acids” (PDF). Nature. 171 (4356): 737—738. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..737W. PMID 13054692. doi:10.1038/171737a0.
- Crick, F. H. C. What Mad Pursuit, (1988). Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-09137-9.
- Elkin, L., O. Rosalind Franklin and the Double Helix Physics Today March 2003, pp. 42–48.
- Franklin, RE (1950). „Influence of the bonding electrons on the scattering of X-rays by carbon”. Nature. 165 (4185): 71. Bibcode:1950Natur.165...71F. PMID 15403103. doi:10.1038/165071a0.
- Ferry, Georgina, 2007. Max Perutz and the Secret of Life. Published in the UK by Chatto & Windus (ISBN 978-0-7011-7695-2), and in the USA by the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
- Franklin, R.E. & Gosling, R.G. (25. 4. 1953). „Molecular Configuration in Sodium Thymonucleate” (PDF). Nature. 171 (4356): 740—741. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..740F. PMID 13054694. doi:10.1038/171740a0. Приступљено 15. 1. 2011 Reprint also available at Resonance Classics
- Franklin, R.E. and Gosling, R.G. authors of papers received 6 March 1953: Acta Cryst. (1953). 6, 673 The Structure of Sodium Thymonucleate Fibres I. The Influence of Water Content II. The Cylindrically Symmetrical Patterson Function
- Franklin, R.E. (1955). „Structure of tobacco mosaic virus”. Nature. 175 (4452): 379—381. Bibcode:1955Natur.175..379F. PMID 14356181. doi:10.1038/175379a0.
- Franklin R.E. (1956). „Structure of Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Location of the Ribonucleic Acid in the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particle”. Nature. 177 (4516): 928—30. Bibcode:1956Natur.177..928F. doi:10.1038/177928b0.
- Holt, J. (2002) "Photo Finish: Rosalind Franklin and the great DNA race" The New Yorker October
- Judson, Horace Freeland, "The Eighth Day of Creation:Makers of the Revolution in Biology" (London: Jonathan Cape,1979), Penguin,1995; expanded edition; New York:Cold Spring Harbor Press. 1996.).
- Brenda Maddox Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA (2002). Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-655211-6.
- Nobel Prize (1962). The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962, for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material, Nobelprize.org
- Olby, R., "The Path to the Double Helix" (London:Macmillan,1974)
- Sayre, A. 1975. Rosalind Franklin and DNA. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-393-32044-2.
- Tom Segev One Palestine, Complete, (2000) (ISBN 978-0-349-11286-2) Abacus History.
- Stent, Gunther, editor. "Critical Edition of The Double Helix"(1980) W.W. Norton Co, New York and London. ISBN 978-0-393-95075-5.
- Watson, J. Letter to Science, 164, pp. 1539, 27 (1969).
- Maurice Wilkins, The Third Man of the Double Helix, an autobiography (2003) Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-280667-3.
- Yockey, H. P. Information Theory, Evolution, and the Origin of Life (2005).
