Википедија

Староенглески језик

најранији историјски облик енглеског

Староенглески језик (стенгл. Ænglisc sprǣc; ISO 639-3: ang), или англосаксонски језик, историјски је индоевропски језик који се говорио између 450. године и 1100. године на подручју данашње Велике Британије.[2]

староенглески
Englisċ
Детаљ прве странице рукописа Беовулф, који приказује речи „ofer hron rade”, преведене као „преко китовог пута (мора)”. То је пример староенглеског стилског средства, кенинга.
Изговор[ˈeŋɡliʃ]
РегионЕнглеска (осим крајњег југозапада и северозапада), јужна и источна Шкотска и источни руб модерног Велса
Етничка припадностАнглосаксонци
Ерауглавном се развиo у средњoенглески и раношкотски до 13. века
Ранији облици
Дијалекти
руне, касније латиница (староенглески алфабет)
Језички кодови
ISO 639-2ang
ISO 639-3ang
ISO 639-6ango
Глотологolde1238[1]
Овај чланак садржи МФА фонетске симболе. Без одговорајуће подршке, можда ћеш видјети знаке питања, кутије или друге симболе умјесто уникод карактера.

Обухватао је неколико дијалеката: западносаксонски, јужни староенглески, нортамбријски, кентски, англијски, мерсијски.

Мерсијски дијалекат [en] је предак савременог енглеског језика.[3]

Референце

уреди
  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, ур. (2016). „староенглески (око 450—1100)”. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 
  2. ^ By the 16th century the term Anglo-Saxon came to refer to all things of the early English period, including language, culture, and people. While it remains the normal term for the latter two aspects, the language began to be called Old English towards the end of the 19th century, as a result of the increasingly strong anti-Germanic nationalism in English society of the 1890s and early 1900s. However, many authors still also use the term Anglo-Saxon to refer to the language.
    Crystal, David (2003). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-53033-4. 
  3. ^ „Староенглески језик”. 20100111071511. Приступљено 25. 4. 2013.  Проверите вредност парамет(а)ра за датум: |date= (помоћ)

Литература

уреди
  • Whitelock, Dorothy, ур. (1955). English Historical Documents. I: c. 500–1042. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. 
  • Baker, Peter S (2003). Introduction to Old English. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-23454-3. 
  • Baugh, Albert C; & Cable, Thomas. (1993). A History of the English Language (4th ed.). London: Routledge.
  • Blake, Norman (1992). The Cambridge History of the English Language: Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 
  • Campbell, A. (1959). Old English Grammar. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Earle, John (2005). A Book for the Beginner in Anglo-Saxon. Bristol, PA: Evolution Publishing. ISBN 1-889758-69-8.  (Reissue of one of 4 eds. 1877–1902)
  • Euler, Wolfram (2013). Das Westgermanische : von der Herausbildung im 3. bis zur Aufgliederung im 7. Jahrhundert; Analyse und Rekonstruktion.  (West Germanic: from its Emergence in the 3rd up until its Dissolution in the 7th century CE: Analyses and Reconstruction). 244 p., in German with English summary, London/Berlin (2013) ISBN 978-3-9812110-7-8.
  • Hogg, Richard M. (ed.). (1992). The Cambridge History of the English Language: (Vol 1): the Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hogg, Richard; & Denison, David (eds.) (2006) A History of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jespersen, Otto (1909–1949) A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. 7 vols. Heidelberg: C. Winter & Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard
  • Lass, Roger (1987). The Shape of English: structure and history. . London: J. M. Dent & Sons
  • Lass, Roger (1994). Old English: A historical linguistic companion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43087-9. 
  • Magennis, Hugh (2011). The Cambridge Introduction to Anglo-Saxon Literature. Cambridge University Press. 
  • Millward, Celia (1996). A Biography of the English Language. Harcourt Brace. ISBN 0-15-501645-8. 
  • Mitchell, Bruce; Robinson, Fred C (2001). A Guide to Old English (6th изд.). Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-22636-2. 
  • Quirk, Randolph; & Wrenn, CL (1957). An Old English Grammar (2nd ed.) London: Methuen.
  • Ringe, Donald R and Taylor, Ann (2014). The Development of Old English: A Linguistic History of English, vol. II. , ISBN 978-0199207848. Oxford.
  • Strang, Barbara M. H (1970). A History of English. London: Methuen. 
  • Robinson, Orrin W. (1992). Old English and Its Closest Relatives. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2221-8. 
  • Bremmer Jr, Rolf H (2009). An Introduction to Old Frisian. History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 
  • Stenton, FM (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (3rd изд.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 
  • Bourcier, Georges. (1978). L'orthographie de l'anglais: Histoire et situation actuelle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Elliott, Ralph WV (1959). Runes: An introduction. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 
  • Keller, Wolfgang (1906). Angelsächsische Paleographie, I: Einleitung. . Berlin: Mayer & Müller.
  • Ker, NR (1957). A Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 
  • Ker, NR (1957: 1990). A Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon; with supplement prepared by Neil Ker originally published in Anglo-Saxon England; 5, 1957. Oxford: Clarendon Press ISBN 0-19-811251-3
  • Page, RI (1973). An Introduction to English Runes. London: Methuen.  Спољашња веза у |title= (помоћ)
  • Scragg, Donald G (1974). A History of English Spelling. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 
  • Shaw, Philip A (2012). "Coins As Evidence". The Oxford Handbook of the History of English, Chapter 3, pp. 50–52. Edited by Terttu Nevalainen and Elizabeth Closs Traugott.
  • Wełna, Jerzy (1986). "The Old English Digraph ⟨cg⟩ Again". Linguistics across Historical and Geographical Boundaries: Vol 1: Linguistic Theory and Historical Linguistics (pp. 753–762). Edited by Dieter Kastovsky and Aleksander Szwedek.
  • Anderson, John M; & Jones, Charles. (1977). Phonological structure and the history of English. North-Holland linguistics series (No. 33). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
  • Brunner, Karl (1965). Altenglische Grammatik (nach der angelsächsischen Grammatik von Eduard Sievers neubearbeitet) (3rd изд.). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. 
  • Campbell, A (1959). Old English Grammar. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 
  • Cercignani, Fausto. „The Development of */k/ and */sk/ in Old English”. Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 82 (3): 313—323. 1983. .
  • Girvan, Ritchie (1931). Angelsaksisch Handboek. ; E. L. Deuschle (transl.). (Oudgermaansche Handboeken; No. 4). Haarlem: Tjeenk Willink.
  • Halle, Morris; & Keyser, Samuel J. (1971). English Stress: its form, its growth, and its role in verse. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Hockett, Charles F (1959). „The stressed syllabics of Old English”. Language. 35 (4): 575—597. JSTOR 410597. doi:10.2307/410597. 
  • Hogg, Richard M (1992). A Grammar of Old English, I: Phonology. Oxford: Blackwell. 
  • Kuhn, Sherman M (1961). „On the Syllabic Phonemes of Old English”. Language. 37 (4): 522—538. JSTOR 411354. doi:10.2307/411354. 
  • Kuhn, Sherman M. (1970). "On the consonantal phonemes of Old English". In: J. L. Rosier (ed.) Philological Essays: studies in Old and Middle English language and literature in honour of Herbert Dean Merritt (pp. 16–49). The Hague: Mouton.
  • Lass, Roger; & Anderson, John M. (1975). Old English Phonology. (Cambridge studies in linguistics; No. 14). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Luick, Karl. (1914–1940). Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache. Stuttgart: Bernhard Tauchnitz.
  • Maling, J (1971). „Sentence stress in Old English”. Linguistic Inquiry. 2 (3): 379—400. JSTOR 4177642. 
  • McCully, CB; Hogg, Richard M (1990). „An account of Old English stress”. Journal of Linguistics. 26 (2): 315—339. doi:10.1017/S0022226700014699. 
  • Minkova, Donka (2014). A Historical Phonology of English.  Edinburgh University Press.
  • Moulton, WG (1972). "The Proto-Germanic non-syllabics (consonants)". In: F van Coetsem & HL Kufner (Eds.), Toward a Grammar of Proto-Germanic (pp. 141–173). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.
  • Sievers, Eduard (1893). Altgermanische Metrik. Halle: Max Niemeyer. 
  • Wagner, Karl Heinz (1969). Generative Grammatical Studies in the Old English language. Heidelberg: Julius Groos. 
  • Brunner, Karl (1965). Altenglische Grammatik (nach der angelsächsischen Grammatik von Eduard Sievers neubearbeitet) (3rd изд.). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. 
  • Campbell, A (1959). Old English grammar. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 
  • Wagner, Karl Heinz (1969). Generative grammatical studies in the Old English language. Heidelberg: Julius Groos. 
  • Brunner, Karl (1962). Die englische Sprache: ihre geschichtliche Entwicklung.  (Vol. II). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.
  • Kemenade, Ans van (1982). Syntactic Case and Morphological Case in the History of English. Dordrecht: Foris. 
  • MacLaughlin, John C (1983). Old English Syntax: a handbook. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. 
  • Mitchell, Bruce (1985). Old English Syntax.  (Vols. 1–2). Oxford: Clarendon Press (no more published)
    • Vol.1: Concord, the parts of speech and the sentence
    • Vol.2: Subordination, independent elements, and element order
  • Mitchell, Bruce (1990). A Critical Bibliography of Old English Syntax to the end of 1984, including addenda and corrigenda to "Old English Syntax". Oxford: Blackwell. 
  • Timofeeva, Olga (2010). Non-finite Constructions in Old English, with Special Reference to Syntactic Borrowing from Latin. , PhD dissertation, Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki, vol. LXXX, Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.
  • Traugott, Elizabeth Closs (1972). A History of English Syntax: a transformational approach to the history of English sentence structure. . New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Visser, F. Th. (1963–1973). An Historical Syntax of the English Language (Vols. 1–3). Leiden: E. J. Brill.
  • Bosworth, J; & Toller, T. Northcote. (1898). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Based on Bosworth's 1838 dictionary, his papers & additions by Toller)
  • Toller, T. Northcote (1921). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 
  • Campbell, A (1972). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Enlarged addenda and corrigenda. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 
  • Clark Hall, J. R.; & Merritt, H. D. (1969). A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (4th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cameron, Angus, et al. (ed.) (1983) Dictionary of Old English. Toronto: Published for the Dictionary of Old English Project, Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto by the Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies. 1983. /1994. (Issued on microfiche and subsequently as a CD-ROM and on the World Wide Web.)

Спољашње везе

уреди
 
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