Облакодер

Облакодер или небодер (такође солитер, кула), врло је висока зграда прикладна за стално становање. Савремени извори тренутно дефинишу небодере као зграде са најмање 100 метара^[1] или 150 метара^[2] у висини, иако не постоји универзално прихваћена дефиниција. Небодери су врло високе зграде. Историјски гледано, термин се први пут односио на зграде са између 10 и 20 спратова када су ове врсте зграда почеле да се граде током 1880-их година.^[3] Небодери могу садржати канцеларије, хотеле, стамбене просторе и малопродајне просторе.

Према подацима из јануара 2020, само девет градова у свету има више од 100 небодера који су 150 m (492 ft) или виши: Хонгконг (355), Шенџен (289), Њујорк (284), Дубаи (201), Шангај (163), Токио (158), Мумбај (151), Чикаго (127), Чунгкинг (127) и Гуангџоу (118).^[4]

Етимологија

Назив облакодер у архитектури први пут се употребљава крајем 19. века, кад се тако високе зграде први пут појављују у Њујорку. Историчари архитектуре касније мењају тачну дефиницију на основу развијања инжењерства у 1880-им годинама, које је омогућило изградњу огромних вишеспратница.

Реч облакодер је сложеница са две речи: облак и дер (дера[ти], дира[ти]). Ово значи да се ради о нечему изразито високом, што „дира” облаке/небо. У енглеском језику (енгл. skyscraper) реч је реч настала у 18. веку (1794) и првобитно је означавала највиши јарбол (носач једра) на броду. Касније се односила на све што је високо и додирује небо, да би тако стигла и одомаћила се у архитектури.^[5]

Галерија

Референце

^ „Skyscraper, Emporis Standards”. Emporis.com. Приступљено 7. 11. 2020.
^ „What is a Skyscraper?”. Theb1m.com. Приступљено 7. 11. 2020.
^ The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. „Skyscraper”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. Приступљено 25. 10. 2016. „Skyscraper, very tall, multistoried building. The name first came into use during the 1880s, shortly after the first skyscrapers were built, in the United States. The development of skyscrapers came as a result of the coincidence of several technological and social developments. The term skyscraper originally applied to buildings of 10 to 20 stories, but by the late 20th century the term was used to describe high-rise buildings of unusual height, generally greater than 40 or 50 stories.”
^ „Number of 150m+ Completed Buildings - The Skyscraper Center”. Skyscrapercenter.com. Архивирано из оригинала 19. 12. 2019. г. Приступљено 19. 12. 2019.
^ „Skyscraper Dictionary » Etymology[[Категорија:Ботовски наслови]]”. Архивирано из оригинала 15. 03. 2014. г. Приступљено 15. 03. 2014. Сукоб URL—викивеза (помоћ)

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