Википедија

Јужно острво

Јужно острво (енгл. South Island,[1] маор. Te Waipounamu) је једно од два главна острва Новог Зеланда (друго је Северно острво). Има површину од 151.215 km², што га чини дванаестим острвом по величини на свету.[2] Дуж западне обале Јужног острва пружа се ланац планина Јужни Алпи, чији највиши врх је Кук са 3,754 метара изнад нивоа мора. На острву постоји 9 националних паркова, а познато је и по скијалиштима.

Јужно острво
Сателитски снимак Јужног Острва
Јужно острво на карти Новог Зеланда
Јужно острво
Јужно острво
Нови Зеланд
Географија
Координате43° 58′ 59″ Ј; 170° 27′ 00″ И / 43.983° Ј; 170.450° И / -43.983; 170.450 43° 58′ 59″ Ј; 170° 27′ 00″ И / 43.983° Ј; 170.450° И / -43.983; 170.450
Површина150.437 km2
Обала5.842 km
Висина3.754 m
Највиши врхМаунт Кук
Администрација
НЗЕ
Демографија
Становништво1.096.200  (2016.)
Густина ст.0 стан./km2

Први европљани који су стигли до овог острва били су у експедицији Холанђанина Абела Тасмана. Његова два брода су стигла у Златни залив на северу острва децембра 1642. У 19. веку неке мапе су називале острво „Средња земља“ или „Нови Алстер“. На острву живи 1.096.200 људи, што је око четвртина народа Новог Зеланда. У прошлости (19. век) овде је живела већина становништва. Острво је подељено у седам региона: Нелсон, Марлборо, Тасман, Отаго, Кентербури, Западна обала, Јужна земља. Највећи градови на острву су Крајстчерч, Данедин, Инверкаргил, Нелсон, Вестпорт, Хокитика, Бленхајм, Тимару, Оамару.

Пошто је 32% веће од Северног острва, Јужно острво се понекад назива и „копно“ Новог Зеланда.[3] Ono је дом за 23 одсто од 5,1 милиона становника Новог Зеланда. Након златних грозница током 1860-их у раним фазама насељавања земље Пакехама (Европљанима), Јужно острво је имало већину европског становништва и богатства. Популација Северног острва претекла је јужно острво почетком 20. века, са 56% становништва Новог Зеланда које је живело на Северном острву 1911. Насељавање људи и предузећа на северу се наставило и током двадесетог века.[4]

Географија

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Референце

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  1. ^ Reporter, Staff (10. 10. 2013). „Two official options for NZ island names”. The New Zealand Herald. Приступљено 20. 12. 2018. 
  2. ^ „Quick Facts - Land and Environment : Geography - Physical Features”. Statistics New Zealand. 2000. Архивирано из оригинала 8. 4. 2013. г. Приступљено 13. 8. 2012. 
  3. ^ Meier, Cecile (10. 9. 2015). „South Island the true Mainland: Cecile Meier”. Stuff.co.nz (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 13. 4. 2020. 
  4. ^ King, Michael (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand. Auckland: Penguin Books. стр. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-14-301867-4. 

Литература

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  • Belich, James (2001). Paradise Reforged: A History of the New Zealanders from 1880 to the Year 2000. Penguin. ISBN 9780824825423. 
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  • King, Michael (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand. Immensely popular, this well-written and comprehensive single volume history is probably the best place to start for those new to New Zealand history. 
  • Belich, James (1996). Making Peoples: A History of the New Zealanders from the Polynesian settlement to the end of the nineteenth century (1996) and Paradise Reforged: A History of the New Zealanders from 1880 to the Year 2000 (2001). 
  • Walker, Ranginui (2004). Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou: Struggle Without End. The only general history written from a Māori perspective; fair, informative and interesting. 
  • Keith Sinclair, ур. (1996). The Oxford Illustrated History of New Zealand. Shorter than most recent general histories and with lots of good illustrations. 
  • Giselle Byrnes, ур. (2009). The New Oxford History of New Zealand. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-558471-4. 
  • Smith, Philippa Mein (2012). 2nd, ур. A Concise History of New Zealand. Cambridge Concise Histories. 
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  • Condliffe, J B. (1959). New Zealand in the Making: A Study of Economic and Social Development (2nd изд.).  online, an influential survey
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  • Hawke, Gary R.; Richard W. Baker (1992). Anzus Economics: Economic Trends and Relations among Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Praeger Publishers. Архивирано из оригинала 08. 03. 2016. г. Приступљено 22. 08. 2021. 
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  • Coleman Peter J. (1958). „The Spirit of New Zealand Liberalism in the Nineteenth Century”. Journal of Modern History: 227—235. 
  • Coleman Peter J. (1982). „New Zealand Liberalism and the Origins of the American Welfare State”. Journal of American History: 372—391. 
  • Coleman Peter J. (1987). Progressivism and the World of Reform: New Zealand and the Origins of the American Welfare State. Архивирано из оригинала 04. 04. 2016. г. Приступљено 22. 08. 2021. 
  • Alexander, Davidson (1989). Two Models of Welfare: The Origins and Development of the Welfare State in Sweden and New Zealand, 1888–1988. 
  • Hackett, Fischer David (2012). Fairness and Freedom: A History of Two Open Societies: New Zealand and the United States. , a search for fairness infuses N.Z. politics, compared to freedom in the US
  • Patricia, Grimshaw (1988). Women's Suffrage in New Zealand.  the standard scholarly study
  • Patricia, Grimshaw (1994). Caroline Daley; Melanie Nolan, ур. Women's Suffrage in New Zealand Revisited: Writing from the Margins. Suffrage and Beyond: International Feminist Perspectives. New York U.P. стр. 25—41. 
  • Martin John E. (1997). Holding the Balance. A History of New Zealand's Department of Labour 1891–1995. 
  • Melanie, Nolan (2010). „Classic Third Way or Before its Time? The New Zealand Labour Party in Local and Transnational Context”. Labour History Review: 98—113. 
  • Erik, Olssen (1988). The Red Feds: Revolutionary Industrial Unionism and the New Zealand Federation of Labour 1908–1914. 
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  • Ian, Pool D. (1989). Maori Population of New Zealand, 1769–1971. 
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  • Bassett, Michael (1982). Three Party Politics in New Zealand 1911–1931. Auckland: Historical Publications. ISBN 0-86870-006-1. 
  • Jonathan, Boston (2000). Left Turn: The New Zealand general election of 1999. Victoria U.P. 
  • Burdon R. M. (1965). The New Dominion. A Social and Political History of New Zealand, 1918–1939. Wellington: A. H. & A. W. Reed. 
  • Burdon, Randal Mathews (1955). King Dick: A Biography of Richard John Seddon. Christchurch: Whitcombe and Tombs. 
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  • Brain, Easton (1989). Making of Rogernomics.  on late 1980s
  • Gee, David (1993). My Dear Girl: A biography of Elizabeth and James McCombs. Christchurch: Treehouse. ISBN 0-473-02084-X. 
  • Grant, David (2014). The Mighty Totara: The life and times of Norman Kirk. Auckland: Random House. ISBN 9781775535799. 
  • Gustafson, Barry (1980). Labour's path to political independence: The Origins and Establishment of the New Zealand Labour Party, 1900–19. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. ISBN 0-19-647986-X. 
  • Gustafson, Barry (1986). From the Cradle to the Grave: A biography of Michael Joseph Savage. Auckland, New Zealand: Reed Methuen. ISBN 0-474-00138-5. 
  • Gustafson, Barry (1986). The First 50 Years : A History of the New Zealand National Party. Auckland: Reed Methuen. ISBN 0-474-00177-6. 
  • Gustafson, Barry (2002). His Way: A Biography of Robert Muldoon. Auckland: Auckland University Press. ISBN 978-1-86940-236-5. 
  • Gustafson, Barry (2008). Kiwi Keith: A Biography of Keith Holyoake. Auckland: Auckland University Press. ISBN 978-1-86940-400-0. 
  • Hamer, David A. (1988). The New Zealand Liberals: The Years of Power, 1891–1912 . Auckland: Auckland University Press. ISBN 1-86940-014-3. OCLC 18420103. 
  • Levine, Stephen; Nigel S. Roberts, ур. (2007). The Baubles of Office: The New Zealand General Election of 2005. Victoria U.P. 
  • Levine, Stephen; Nigel S. Roberts, ур. (2010). Key to Victory: The New Zealand General Election of 2008. Victoria U.P. 
  • Russell, Marcia (1996). Revolution: New Zealand from Fortress to Free Market. Hodder Moa Beckett. ISBN 1869584287.  on Rogernomics on 1980s
  • Sinclair, Keith (1976). Walter Nash. Auckland: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-647949-5. , Labour prime minister 1957–60
  • Watson, James; Lachy Paterson, ур. (2010). A Great New Zealand Prime Minister? Reappraising William Ferguson Massey.  essays by scholars on the Reform Party Prime Minister 1912–25
  • Fairburn, Miles (1989). The Ideal Society and Its Enemies: The Foundations of Modern New Zealand Society, 1850–1900. 
  • Ryan, Greg (2010). „Drink and the Historians: Sober Reflections on Alcohol in New Zealand 1840–1914”. New Zealand Journal of History: 35—53.  Examines drinking patterns, why men drank, whether drinking was excessive compared to other countries, how drinking behaviour evolved, and the social role of brewers and the pub owners.
  • Ryan, Greg (2004). The Making of New Zealand Cricket: 1832–1914.  excerpt and text search
  • Else, Anne, ур. (1993). Women Together A History of Women's Organizations in New Zealand. Wellington: Daphne Brasell. 
  • Morrison, Hugh (2011). „Globally and Locally Positioned: New Zealand Perspectives on the Current Practice of Religious History”. Journal of Religious History: 181—198.  historiography
  • Morrison, Hugh (2010). „The 'joy and heroism of doing good': The New Zealand Missionary" Record and Late-Nineteenth-Century Protestant Children's Missionary Support”. Journal of New Zealand Literature: JNZL. No. 28, Part 2: Special Issue: Cultures of Print in Colonial New Zealand: 158—182. 
  • Stenhouse, John. Christianity, Modernity and Culture: New Perspectives On New Zealand History. 
  • Tennant, Margaret (2007). The Fabric of Welfare: Voluntary Organisations, Government and Welfare in New Zealand, 1840–2005. 
  • Adams, Peter (1978). Fatal Necessity: British Intervention in New Zealand, 1830–47. 
  • Akenson, Donald Harman (1990). Half the World from Home: Perspectives on the Irish in New Zealand, 1860–1950. Wellington. 
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  • Borrie W. D. (1991). Immigration to New Zealand: 1854–1938. Canberra: Australian National University. 
  • Bueltmann, Tanja (2009). „No Colonists are more Imbued with their National Sympathies than Scotchmen”. New Zealand Journal of History: 169—181. 
  • Giselle, Byrnes (2009). „Nation and Migration: Postcolonial Perspectives”. New Zealand Journal of History: 123—132. 
  • J, Coleman Peter (1958). „The New Zealand Frontier and the Turner Thesis”. Pacific Historical Review: 221—237. 
  • Fraser Lyndon, ур. (2000). A Distant Shore: Irish Migration and New Zealand Settlement. Dunedin. 
  • Gandar, J. M. (1979). „New Zealand Net Migration in the Latter Part of the Nineteenth Century”. Australian Economic History Review. 19: 151—68. 
  • Neville RJ Warwick; C.James O'Neill, ур. (1979). „Population of New Zealand: Interdisciplinary Perspectives”. 
  • Ian, Pool; Dharmalingam, Arunachalam; Sceats, Janet (2007). The New Zealand Family since 1840: A Demographic History. Auckland University Press. 
  • Paul, Baker (1988). King and Country Call: New Zealanders, Conscription and the Great War. 
  • Nicholas, Boyack (1989). Behind the lines: The lives of New Zealand soldiers in the First World War. 
  • B, Condliffe J (1919). „New Zealand during the War”. Economic Journal: 167—185.  in JSTOR, free, economic mobilisation
  • Crawford John; Ian McGibbon, ур. (2008). New Zealand's Great War: New Zealand, the Allies and the First World War. 
  • Gwen, Parsons (2013-11-06). The New Zealand Home Front during World War One and World War Two. History Compass. стр. 419—428. 
  • Christopher, Pugsley (2004). The ANZAC experience: New Zealand, Australia and Empire in the First World War. 
  • JVT, Baker (1965). War Economy.  NZ official history
  • Deborah, Montgomerie (2001). The Women's War: New Zealand Women 1939–45.  argues that the Second World War was not a major turning point in the status of women
  • Gwen, Parsons (2013). The New Zealand Home Front during World War One and World War Two. History Compass. стр. 419—428.  online
  • M, Taylor Nancy (1986). „The Home Front”. NZ official history. I. 
  • Lloyd, Whitfeld Frederick (1958). Political and External Affairs.  NZ official history
  • DOW, Hall (1948). „Women at War”. Episodes & Studies. Wellington, New Zealand: Historical Publications Branch. 1. 
  • Terry, Austrin; Farnsworth, John (2009). Assembling Histories: J. G. A. Pocock, Aotearoa/New Zealand and the British World. History Compass. стр. 1286—1302. 
  • Ballantyne, Tony (2009). „Culture and Colonization: Revisiting the Place of Writing in Colonial New Zealand”. The Journal of New Zealand Studies.  This essay offers an overview of recent historical writing on colonialism.
  • Ballantyne, Tony (2011). „On Place, Space and Mobility in Nineteenth Century New Zealand”. The New Zealand Journal of History. Архивирано из оригинала 10. 09. 2011. г. Приступљено 22. 08. 2021.  This examines national history and its limits.
  • Philippa, Hunter (2011). „Disturbing History's Identity in the New Zealand Curriculum to Free Up Historical Thinking”. Curriculum Matters. 7. 
  • Katie, Pickles (2011). „The Obvious and the Awkward: Postcolonialism and the British World”. New Zealand Journal of History: 85—101.  looks at metropole and colony
  • Jacob, Pollock (2007). „Cultural Colonization and Textual Biculturalism”. New Zealand Journal of History: 180—198. „Compares the approaches in James Belich's Making Peoples: A History of the New Zealanders. From Polynesian Settlement to the End of the Nineteenth Century (1996) and Paradise Reforged: A History of the New Zealanders. From the 1880s to the Year 2000 (2001) with those of Michael King's The Penguin History of New Zealand (2003). Responding to Maori arguments that the colonial narrative of Pakeha history was a device to privilege the legitimacy of British colonisation, Belich wrote a radically bicultural story. He says the two peoples—both immigrants—developed their mother cultures inside New Zealand. King takes a more traditional approach that portrays a new unified state in which there are not two distinct and equal cultures but two principal varieties of New Zealanders.” 
  • The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. „As well as all the Prime Ministers, Māori chiefs, early settlers and sporting legends, this also includes con artists, adventurers and other lesser known but interesting characters from New Zealand's past.” 
  • Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. „A work still in progress, this will eventually offer short but comprehensive snapshots of most aspects of New Zealand, past and present.” 
  • An authoritative and fairly comprehensive online source. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 
  • „The New Zealand Journal of History”. Архивирано из оригинала 22. 08. 2021. г. Приступљено 22. 08. 2021.  complete texts of scholarly articles and book reviews; quarterly since 1967
  • The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. 1897.  Encyclopedia covering people, organisations and places.

Спољашње везе

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