Rosids

Rosids; Vremenski raspon: Kreda - nedavna prošlost
	Euphorbia heterophylla
Naučna klasifikacija
Carstvo:	Plantae
Kladus:	Tracheophytes
Kladus:	Angiospermae
Kladus:	Eudicotidae
Kladus:	Superrosids
Kladus:	Rosids
Red
	Vitales; Eurosids Fabids Zygophyllales Celastrales Oxalidales Malpighiales Fabales Rosales Cucurbitales Fagales Malvids Geraniales Myrtales Crossosomatales Picramniales Sapindales Huerteales Malvales Brassicales;

Rosids su članovi velike klade (monofiletičke grupe) cvjetnih biljaka, koja sadrži oko 70.000 vrsta,^[2] više od četvrtine svih angiospermae.^[3]

Klada je podjeljena u 16 do 20 redova, zavisno od ograničenja i klasifikacije. Ovi redovi zajedno čine oko 140 porodica.^[4]

Fosili rosids su poznati iz perioda krede. Molekularni sat procjenjuje da su rosids nastale u Aptian ili Albian fazama krede, prije oko 125 do 99,6 miliona godina.^[5]^[6]

Naziv

Ime se zasniva na nazivu "Rosidae", koji se obično smatra podklasom. Godine 1967. Armen Takhtajan je pokazao da je ispravna osnova za ime "Rosidae" opis grupe biljaka koju je 1830. godine objavio Fridrih Gotlib Bartling.^[7] Klada je kasnije preimenovana u "Rosidae" i različito je razgraničena od strane različitih autora. Ime "rosids" je neformalno i ne pretpostavlja se da ima neki poseban taksonomski rang kao što su imena ovlašćena od strane ICBN-a. Rosids su monofiletski zasnovani na dokazima pronađenim molekularnom filogenetskom analizom.

Korišćene su tri različite definicije rosids. Neki autori uključuju redove Saxifragales i Vitaceae u rosids.^[8] Drugi su isključili oba ova reda.^[9] Opseg koji se koristi u ovom članku je klasifikacija APG IV, koja uključuje Vitaceae, ali isključuje Saxifragales.

Veze

Rosids i Saxifragales formiraju kladu super rozida.^[2]^[9] Ovo je jedna od tri grupe koje čine Pentapetalae(Еудикотиледоне osim Gunnerales),^[10] ostale su Dilleniales i superasteridae(Berberidopsidales, Caryophyllales, Santalales i asteridae).^[9]

Klasifikacija

Rosids se sastoje od dvije grupe: red Vitales i eurosidae(pravi rosids). S druge strane, eurosidae su podjeljeni u dvije grupe: fabids(Fabidae, eurosids I) i malvids (Malvidae, eurosids II).^[9]

Redovi

Rosids se sastoje od 17 redova. Pored Vitales, postoji 8 redova u fabids i 8 naloga u malvids. Neki redovi su tek nedavno priznati.^[9] To su Vitales,^[11] Zygophyllales,^[12] Crossosomatales,^[13] Picramniales,^[14] i Huerteales.^[15]

Filogenija

Filogenija od Rosids je prikazano u nastavku, prilagođena je sa APG sajta.^[9]

Vitales

eurosids

fabids

Zygophyllales

COM klada

Celastrales

	Malpighiales

	Oxalidales

Klade sa azotofiksacijom

Fabales

Rosales

	Fagales

	Cucurbitales

malvids

	Geraniales

	Myrtales

	Brassicales

	Malvales

Klade sa azotofiksacijom sadrže veliki broj aktinoriznih biljaka (koje imaju kvržice na korijenu koje sadrže bakterije koje fiksiraju azot, pomažući biljci da raste u siromašnim zemljištima). Međutim, nisu sve biljke u ovoj kladi aktinorizalne.^[16]

Reference

^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). „An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV”. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1—20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
^ ^a ^b Wang, Hengchang; Moore, Michael J.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Bell, Charles D.; Brockington, Samuel F.; Alexandre, Roolse; Davis, Charles C.; Latvis, Maribeth; Manchester, Steven R.; Soltis, Douglas E. (10. 3. 2009), „Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (10): 3853—8, Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.3853W, PMC 2644257  , PMID 19223592, doi:10.1073/pnas.0813376106
^ Scotland, Robert W.; Wortley, Alexandra H. (2003), „How many species of seed plants are there?”, Taxon, 52 (1): 101—4, JSTOR 3647306, doi:10.2307/3647306
^ Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Endress, Peter K.; Chase, Mark W. (2005), Phylogeny and Evolution of the Angiosperms, Sunderland, MA, USA: Sinauer, ISBN 978-0-87893-817-9
^ Davies, T.J.; Barraclough, T.G.; Chase, M.W.; Soltis, P.S.; Soltis, D.E.; Savolainen, V. (2004), „Darwin's abominable mystery: Insights from a supertree of the angiosperms”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101 (7): 1904—9, Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.1904D, PMC 357025  , PMID 14766971, doi:10.1073/pnas.0308127100
^ Magallón, Susana; Castillo, Amanda (2009), „Angiosperm diversification through time”, American Journal of Botany, 96 (1): 349—365, PMID 21628193, doi:10.3732/ajb.0800060
^ Reveal, James L. (2008), „A Checklist of Family and Suprafamilial Names for Extant Vascular Plants”, Home page of James L. Reveal and C. Rose Broome
^ Burleigh, J. Gordon; Hilu, Khidir W.; Soltis, Douglas E. (2009), File 7, „Inferring phylogenies with incomplete data sets: a 5-gene, 567-taxon analysis of angiosperms” (PDF), BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9: 61, PMC 2674047  , PMID 19292928, doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-61, Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 18. 1. 2012. g., Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2019
^ ^a ^b ^v ^g ^d ^đ Stevens, Peter F. (2001), Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
^ Cantino, Philip D.; Doyle, James A.; Graham, Sean W.; Judd, Walter S.; Olmstead, Richard G.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Donoghue, Michael J. (2007), „Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta” (PDF), Taxon, 56 (3): 822—846, JSTOR 25065865, doi:10.2307/25065865, Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 11. 07. 2021. g., Pristupljeno 16. 03. 2019
^ Reveal, James L. (1995), „Newly required suprageneric names in vascular plants”, Phytologia, 79 (2): 68—76 See p. 72
^ Chalk, L. (1983), „Wood structure”, Ur.: Metcalfe, C.R.; Chalk, L., Wood Structure and Conclusion of the General Introduction, Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, II (2nd izd.), Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0-19-854559-0
^ Kubitzki, Klaus, ur. (2007), „Introduction to Crossosomatales”, Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae, Sabiaceae, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, IX, Springer, ISBN 978-3-540-32219-1
^ Hutchinson, John (1979) [1973], The Families of Flowering Plants (3rd izd.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 9783874291606
^ Worberg, Andreas; Alford, Mac H.; Quandt, Dietmar; Borsch, Thomas (2009), „Huerteales sister to Brassicales plus Malvales, and newly circumscribed to include Dipentodon, Gerrardina, Huertea, Perrottetia, and Tapiscia”, Taxon, 58 (2): 468—478, doi:10.1002/tax.582012
^ Wall, L. (2000), „The actinorhizal symbiosis”, Journal of Plant Growth and Regulation, 19 (2): 167—182, PMID 11038226, doi:10.1007/s003440000027 ^{[mrtva veza]}

Spoljašnje veze

Mediji vezani za članak Rosids na Vikimedijinoj ostavi

[APG4-1] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). „An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV”. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1—20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.

[wang2009-2] Wang, Hengchang; Moore, Michael J.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Bell, Charles D.; Brockington, Samuel F.; Alexandre, Roolse; Davis, Charles C.; Latvis, Maribeth; Manchester, Steven R.; Soltis, Douglas E. (10. 3. 2009), „Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (10): 3853—8, Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.3853W, PMC 2644257  , PMID 19223592, doi:10.1073/pnas.0813376106

[scotland2003-3] Scotland, Robert W.; Wortley, Alexandra H. (2003), „How many species of seed plants are there?”, Taxon, 52 (1): 101—4, JSTOR 3647306, doi:10.2307/3647306

[soltis2005-4] Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Endress, Peter K.; Chase, Mark W. (2005), Phylogeny and Evolution of the Angiosperms, Sunderland, MA, USA: Sinauer, ISBN 978-0-87893-817-9

[davies2004-5] Davies, T.J.; Barraclough, T.G.; Chase, M.W.; Soltis, P.S.; Soltis, D.E.; Savolainen, V. (2004), „Darwin's abominable mystery: Insights from a supertree of the angiosperms”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101 (7): 1904—9, Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.1904D, PMC 357025  , PMID 14766971, doi:10.1073/pnas.0308127100

[magallon2009-6] Magallón, Susana; Castillo, Amanda (2009), „Angiosperm diversification through time”, American Journal of Botany, 96 (1): 349—365, PMID 21628193, doi:10.3732/ajb.0800060

[reveal2008-7] Reveal, James L. (2008), „A Checklist of Family and Suprafamilial Names for Extant Vascular Plants”, Home page of James L. Reveal and C. Rose Broome

[burleigh2009-8] Burleigh, J. Gordon; Hilu, Khidir W.; Soltis, Douglas E. (2009), File 7, „Inferring phylogenies with incomplete data sets: a 5-gene, 567-taxon analysis of angiosperms” (PDF), BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9: 61, PMC 2674047  , PMID 19292928, doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-61, Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 18. 1. 2012. g., Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2019

[apweb-9] v ^g ^d ^đ Stevens, Peter F. (2001), Angiosperm Phylogeny Website

[cantino2007-10] Cantino, Philip D.; Doyle, James A.; Graham, Sean W.; Judd, Walter S.; Olmstead, Richard G.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Donoghue, Michael J. (2007), „Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta” (PDF), Taxon, 56 (3): 822—846, JSTOR 25065865, doi:10.2307/25065865, Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 11. 07. 2021. g., Pristupljeno 16. 03. 2019

[reveal1995-11] Reveal, James L. (1995), „Newly required suprageneric names in vascular plants”, Phytologia, 79 (2): 68—76 See p. 72

[chalk1983-12] Chalk, L. (1983), „Wood structure”, Ur.: Metcalfe, C.R.; Chalk, L., Wood Structure and Conclusion of the General Introduction, Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, II (2nd izd.), Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0-19-854559-0

[crossoinkub2007-13] Kubitzki, Klaus, ur. (2007), „Introduction to Crossosomatales”, Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae, Sabiaceae, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, IX, Springer, ISBN 978-3-540-32219-1

[hutchinson1973-14] Hutchinson, John (1979) [1973], The Families of Flowering Plants (3rd izd.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 9783874291606

[worberg2009-15] Worberg, Andreas; Alford, Mac H.; Quandt, Dietmar; Borsch, Thomas (2009), „Huerteales sister to Brassicales plus Malvales, and newly circumscribed to include Dipentodon, Gerrardina, Huertea, Perrottetia, and Tapiscia”, Taxon, 58 (2): 468—478, doi:10.1002/tax.582012

[wall2000-16] Wall, L. (2000), „The actinorhizal symbiosis”, Journal of Plant Growth and Regulation, 19 (2): 167—182, PMID 11038226, doi:10.1007/s003440000027 ^{[mrtva veza]}

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Rosids Vremenski raspon: Kreda - nedavna prošlost

Euphorbia heterophylla
Naučna klasifikacija
Carstvo:	Plantae
Kladus:	Tracheophytes
Kladus:	Angiospermae
Kladus:	Eudicotidae
Kladus:	Superrosids
Kladus:	Rosids
Red^[1]
Vitales Eurosids Fabids Zygophyllales Celastrales Oxalidales Malpighiales Fabales Rosales Cucurbitales Fagales Malvids Geraniales Myrtales Crossosomatales Picramniales Sapindales Huerteales Malvales Brassicales