Hipnoza
Hipnoza je premošćavanje kritičnog faktora između svesnog i podsvesnog dela uma i predstavlja uspostavljanje prihvatljivog selektivnog razmišljanja.[2][3][4] Postupak „Hipnotička indukcija“, se sastoji od preliminarnih razgovora, u kojima se daju saveti i uputstva. Hipnoza može biti samostalna - autohipnoza (kroz autosugestije), ili hipnoza koju sprovodi obrazovano lice - hipnotarapeut. Korišćenje hipnoze u kliničke svrhe se naziva hipnoterapija.[2] Postoje mnogi mitovi o hipnozi, međutim hipnoza je potpuno bezbedna i hipnoterapeuti ne mogu ništa uraditi osobi što ona ne želi, suprotno, osoba koja želi da reši neki problem odlazi sa svesnim znanjem kod hipnoterapeuta (celokupna terapija izgleda kao razgovor, osoba je potpuno svesna svega u svakom trenutku, u svakom trenutku može, ukoliko želi prestati, čak mnogi misle da je hipnoterapija bila neuspešna zato što su bili svesni sve vreme) i na kraju rešava svoj problem. Najčešći slučajevi su prestanak pušenja, redukcija stresa, nemoć na seksualnom planu, depresija, fobije, redukcija telesne težine, alergije...[5]
| Hipnoza | |
|---|---|
 Čarkot demonstrira hipnozu na „histeričnoj” Salpetrierskoj pacijentkinji, „Blanči” (Mari Vitman), koju podržava Džozef Babinski.[1] | |
| MeSH | D006990 |
Postoje suprotstavljene teorije koje objašnjavaju hipnozu i srodne pojave. Teorije promenjenog stanja vide hipnozu kao izmenjeno stanje uma ili trans, obeleženo nivoom svesti različitom od uobičajenog stanja svesti.[6][7][8] Nasuprot tome, alternativne teorije vide hipnozu različito, kao tip placebo efekta,[9][10] redefinisanje interakcije sa terapeutom[11] ili oblik odigravanja uloga.[12][13][14]
Za vreme hipnoze, smatra se da osoba ima pojačan fokus i koncentraciju[15] i pojačan respons na sugestije.[16] Hipnoza obično počinje hipnotičkom indukcijom koja uključuje niz preliminarnih uputstava i sugestija. Upotreba hipnoze u terapeutske svrhe naziva se „hipnoterapija”, dok je njena upotreba kao vida zabave za publiku poznata kao „scenska hipnoza”, oblik mentaliteta.
Hipnoza za upravljanje bolom „verovatno će smanjiti akutni i hronični bol kod većine pojedinaca“.[17][18][19][20] Upotreba hipnoze za lečenje drugih problema dala je neuverljive rezultate, kao što je prestanak pušenja.[21][22][23] Upotreba hipnoze kao oblika terapije za pronalaženje i integrisanje rane traume kontroverzna je u naučnom toku. Istraživanja pokazuju da hipnotiziranje pojedinca može pomoći u stvaranju lažnih sećanja,[24] i da hipnoza „ne pomaže ljudima da se tačnije prisete događaja”.[25]
Vidi još
urediNapomene
uredi- Napomena: zvanična definicija prihvaćena od strane »International Hypnosis Federation« i »National Guild of Hypnosis, USA«
Reference
uredi- ^ See: A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière.
- ^ a b „Šta je hipnoza”. Opušteno. Pristupljeno 20. 1. 2020.
- ^ Hall, Harriet (2021). „Hypnosis revisited”. Skeptical Inquirer. 45 (2): 17—19.
- ^ Lynn SJ, Green JP, Kirsch I, Capafons A, Lilienfeld SO, Laurence JR, Montgomery GH (april 2015). „Grounding Hypnosis in Science: The "New" APA Division 30 Definition of Hypnosis as a Step Backward”. The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 57 (4): 390—401. PMID 25928778. S2CID 10797114. doi:10.1080/00029157.2015.1011472.
- ^ „Hipnoza”. EOS Centar. Pristupljeno 20. 1. 2020.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 2004: "a special psychological state with certain physiological attributes, resembling sleep only superficially and marked by a functioning of the individual at a level of awareness other than the ordinary conscious state".
- ^ Fromm, Erika; Shor, Ronald E. (2009). Hypnosis: Developments in Research and New Perspectives. Rutgers. ISBN 978-0-202-36262-5. Pristupljeno 27. 9. 2014.
- ^ Nicholas P. Spanos, Donald R. Gorassini (1983). Structure of Hypnotic Test Suggestions and Attributions of Responding Involuntarily. Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- ^ Kirsch I (oktobar 1994). „Clinical hypnosis as a nondeceptive placebo: empirically derived techniques”. The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 37 (2): 95—106. PMID 7992808. doi:10.1080/00029157.1994.10403122.
- ^ Kirsch, I., "Clinical Hypnosis as a Nondeceptive Placebo", pp. 211–25 in Kirsch, I., Capafons, A., Cardeña-Buelna, E., Amigó, S. (eds.), Clinical Hypnosis and Self-Regulation: Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives. 1999. ISBN 1-55798-535-9., American Psychological Association, (Washington).
- ^ Theodore X. Barber (1969). Hypnosis: A Scientific Approach. J. Aronson, 1995. ISBN 978-1-56821-740-6.
- ^ Lynn S, Fassler O, Knox J (2005). „Hypnosis and the altered state debate: something more or nothing more?”. Contemporary Hypnosis. 22: 39—45. doi:10.1002/ch.21.
- ^ Coe WC, Buckner LG, Howard ML, Kobayashi K (jul 1972). „Hypnosis as role enactment: focus on a role specific skill”. The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 15 (1): 41—45. PMID 4679790. doi:10.1080/00029157.1972.10402209.
- ^ Lynn, Steven J.; Rhue, Judith W. (1991). Theories of hypnosis: current models and perspectives. Guilford Press. ISBN 978-0-89862-343-7. Pristupljeno 30. 10. 2011.
- ^ = Segi, Sherril (2012). „Hypnosis for pain management, anxiety and behavioral disorders”. The Clinical Advisor: For Nurse Practitioners. 15 (3): 80. ISSN 1524-7317.
- ^ Lyda, Alex. "Hypnosis Gaining Ground in Medicine." Columbia News. Columbia.edu. Retrieved on 1 October 2011.
- ^ "Hypnosis for Pain.". Webmd.com. Retrieved on 1 October 2011.
- ^ Dahlgren LA, Kurtz RM, Strube MJ, Malone MD (avgust 1995). „Differential effects of hypnotic suggestion on multiple dimensions of pain”. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 10 (6): 464—70. PMID 7561229. doi:10.1016/0885-3924(95)00055-4
.
- ^ Patterson DR, Ptacek JT (februar 1997). „Baseline pain as a moderator of hypnotic analgesia for burn injury treatment”. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 65 (1): 60—67. PMID 9103735. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.65.1.60.
- ^ American Psychological Association (2. 7. 2004). „Hypnosis for the Relief and Control of Pain”. American Psychological Association.
- ^ „Hypnotherapy is more effective than nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: Results of a randomized controlled trial” (na jeziku: engleski).
- ^ Carmody, T. P.; Duncan, C.; Simon, J. A.; Solkowitz, S.; Huggins, J.; Lee, S.; Delucchi, K. (2008). „Hypnosis for smoking cessation: a randomized trial”. Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (na jeziku: engleski). 10 (5): 811—818. PMID 18569754. doi:10.1080/14622200802023833.
- ^ Barnes, Joanne; McRobbie, Hayden; Dong, Christine Y; Walker, Natalie; Hartmann-Boyce, Jamie (2019-06-14). Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group, ur. „Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (na jeziku: engleski). 2019 (6): CD001008. PMC 6568235 . PMID 31198991. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001008.pub3.
- ^ Lynn, Steven Jay; Krackow, Elisa; Loftus, Elizabeth F.; Locke, Timothy G.; Lilienfeld, Scott O. (2014). „Constructing the past: problematic memory recovery techniques in psychotherapy”. Ur.: Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Lynn, Steven Jay; Lohr, Jeffrey M. Science and pseudoscience in clinical psychology (2nd izd.). New York: Guilford Press. str. 245—275. ISBN 9781462517510. OCLC 890851087.
- ^ Hall, Celia (26. 8. 2001). „Hypnosis does not help accurate memory recall, says study”. Telegraph. Pristupljeno 11. 3. 2019.
Literatura
uredi- Baudouin, C. (Paul, E & Paul, C. trans.), Suggestion and Autosuggestion: A Psychological and Pedagogical Study Based on the Investigations made by the New Nancy School, George Allen & Unwin, (London), 1920.
- Braid J (1843). Neurypnology or The rationale of nervous sleep considered in relation with animal magnetism. London: John Churchill.
- Blackwell, Willey (2015). The Handbook of Contemporary Clinical Hypnosis: Theory and Practice. ISBN 978-1-119-05727-7.
- Gibson HB (1991). Hypnosis in Therapy. ISBN 978-0-86377-155-2.
- Glueck, B., "New Nancy School", The Psychoanalytic Review, Vol. 10, (January 1923), pp. 109–12.
- Harte, R., Hypnotism and the Doctors, Volume I: Animal Magnetism: Mesmer/De Puysegur, L.N. Fowler & Co., (London), 1902.
- Harte, R., Hypnotism and the Doctors, Volume II: The Second Commission; Dupotet And Lafontaine; The English School; Braid's Hypnotism; Statuvolism; Pathetism; Electro-Biology, L.N. Fowler & Co., (London), 1903.
- Lynn, Steven (1991). Theories of Hypnosis: Current Models and Perspectives. ISBN 978-0-89862-343-7.
- Yeates, L.B., James Braid: Surgeon, Gentleman Scientist, and Hypnotist, Ph.D. Dissertation, School of History and Philosophy of Science, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, January 2013.
- Yeates, Lindsay B. (2016a). „Émile Coué and his Method (I): The Chemist of Thought and Human Action”. Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis. 38 (1): 3—27. jesen 2016..]
- Yeates, Lindsay B. (2016b). „Émile Coué and his Method (II): Hypnotism, Suggestion, Ego-Strengthening, and Autosuggestion”. Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis. 38 (1): 28—54. jesen 2016..]
- Yeates, Lindsay B. (2016c). „Émile Coué and his Method (III): Every Day in Every Way”. Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis. 38 (1): 55—79. jesen 2016..]
- Barrows, C.M (1896). „Suggestion Without Hypnotism: An Account of Experiments in Preventing or Suppressing Pain”. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research. 12 (30): 21—44..
- V. M. Bekhterev "Suggestion and its Role in Social Life" with a Preface by José Manuel Jara Italian edition, Psichiatria e Territorio, 2013.
- Cheek, D.B., & LeCron, L.M., Clinical Hypnotherapy, Grune & Stratton (New York), 1968.
- Janet, P., "Lecture XIII: The Hysterical Stigmata—Suggestibility", pp.270–292 in P. Janet, The Major Symptoms of Hysteria: Fifteen Lectures Given in the Medical School of Harvard University, Second Edition with New Matter, Macmillan Company, (New York), 1920.
- McDougall, William (1911). „Suggestion”. Ur.: Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica (na jeziku: engleski). 26 (11 izd.). Cambridge University Press. str. 48—50.
- Weitzenhoffer, A.M., The Practice of Hypnotism (Second Edition), John Wiley & Sons (New York), 2000.
- Yeates, L.B., James Braid: Surgeon, Gentleman Scientist, and Hypnotist, Ph.D. Dissertation, School of History and Philosophy of Science, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, January 2013.
- Yeates, Lindsay B. (2016a). „Émile Coué and his Method (I): The Chemist of Thought and Human Action”. Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis. 38 (1): 3—27. jesen 2016..]
- Yeates, Lindsay B. (2016b). „Émile Coué and his Method (II): Hypnotism, Suggestion, Ego-Strengthening, and Autosuggestion”. Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis. 38 (1): 28—54. jesen 2016..]
- Yeates, Lindsay B. (2016c). „Émile Coué and his Method (III): Every Day in Every Way”. Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis. 38 (1): 55—79. jesen 2016..]
Spoljašnje veze
uredi
- "The Power of Suggestion" na sajtu YouTube, Chautauqua Institution
- The Power of Suggestion: What We Expect Influences Our Behavior, for Better or Worse
- Exploring the science behind hypnosis
| Klasifikacija |
|---|