Tajvanski moreuz

Tajvanski moreuz (kin. 臺灣海峽) prolaz je koji deli ostrvo Tajvan od kopnene Kine. Moreuz je deo Južnog kineskog mora i povezuje Istočnokinesko more na severu. Najjuži deo moreuza je širok 130 kilometara.

Tajvanski moreuz
Mapa koja pokazuje površinu Tajvanskog moreuza
Koordinate	24° 48′ 40″ N 119° 55′ 42″ E
Okean/more	Istočnokinesko more → Južnokinesko more
Zemlje basena	Tzv. Republika Kina (Tajvan) NR Kina
Maks. dužina	360 km
Maks. širina	130 km
Maks. dubina	1.773 m
Ostrva	Arhipelag Penhu
Vodena površina na Vikimedijinoj ostavi

Tajvanski moreuz je sam po sebi predmet međunarodnog spora oko njegovog političkog statusa. Pošto Narodna Republika Kina tvrdi da uživa „suverenitet, suverena prava i jurisdikciju nad Tajvanskim moreuzom“ i smatra plovni put „unutrašnjim teritorijalnim vodama“ umesto međunarodnim vodama, to znači da kineska vlada poriče da bilo koje strano plovilo ima slobodu plovidbe u moreuzu. Ova pozicija je izazvala oštre primedbe Sjedinjenih Država, Australije, Francuske i Tajvana.

Geografija

Tajvanski moreuz je vodeno telo koje odvaja provinciju Fuđen od ostrva Tajvan. Međunarodni sporazum ne definiše Tajvanski moreuz, već stavlja njegove vode unutar Južnog kineskog mora, čija severna granica ide od rta Fugui (najsevernija tačka na ostrvu Tajvan; Fukikaku) do ostrva Niušan do najjužnije tačke ostrva Pingtan i odatle na zapad duž paralelno 25° 24′ S. do obale provincije Fuđen. Nacrt za novo izdanje IHO-ovih Granica okeana i mora precizno definiše Tajvanski moreuz, klasifikujući ga kao deo severnog Tihog okeana. To čini Tajvanski moreuz vodenim telom između Istočnog i Južnog kineskog mora i ograničava ga:

Na severu: linija koja spaja obalu Kine (25° 42′ S - 119° 36′ I) na istok do rta Sjang (25° 40′ S - 119° 47′ 10″ E), severnog kraja ostrva Hajtan, a odatle do rta Fuguj (25° 17′ 45″ S - 121° 32′ 30″ I), severnog kraja ostrva Tajvan (zajednička granica sa Istočnim kineskim morem, videti 7.3).

Na istoku: Od rta Fuguj prema jugu, duž zapadne obale ostrva Tajvan, do rta Eluan (21° 53′ 45″ S - 120° 51′ 30″ I),, južnog kraja ovog ostrva.

Na jugu: linija koja spaja rt Eluan na severozapadu, duž južnih obala ostrva Nanao, do jugoistočnog kraja ovog ostrva (23° 23′ 35″ S - 117° 07′ 15″ I); odatle na zapad, duž južne obale ostrva Nanao, do Čangšan glave (23° 25′ 50″ S - 116° 56′ 25″ I), zapadnog kraja ovog ostrva; a odatle linija koja spaja Čangšan glavu na zapad do ušća reke Hanđang (23° 27′ 30″ N - 116° 52′ E), na obali Kine (zajednička granica sa Južnim kineskim morem, videti 6.1).

Na zapadu: Od ušća reke HanĐang na severoistoku, duž obale Kine, do položaja 25° 42′ S - 119° 36′ I.

Ceo moreuz se nalazi na azijskom kontinentalnom pojasu. Duboka je skoro u potpunosti manje od 150 m (490 ft; 82 fathoms), sa kratkom jarugom te dubine na jugozapadnoj obali Tajvana. Kao takvom, u moreuzu ima mnogo ostrva. Najveća i najvažnija ostrva na obali Fuđena su Sjamen, Gulangju, Pingtan („Hajtan“ po definiciji IHO ), Kinmen i Macu. Prva tri kontroliše Narodna Republika Kina (NRK), a poslednja dva od Republika Kina. Unutar moreuza se nalaze Penghu ili Peskadores, koje takođe kontroliše Tajvan. Postoji velika podvodna obala 40—60 km (25—37 milja) severno od ostrva Penghu.

Raspodela reka na Tajvanu i njihovo godišnje opterećenje sedimentom

Srednja linija

Istorijski gledano, i Narodna Republika Kina (NRK) i Republika Kina na Tajvanu su zastupale politiku jedne Kine koja je tesnac smatrala delom ekskluzivne ekonomske zone jedne „Kine“. U praksi, pomorska granica kontrole postoji duž srednje linije niz moreuz. Srednja linija je definisana 1955. od strane generala američkog vazduhoplovstva Bendžamina O. Dejvisa mlađeg koji je povukao liniju niz sredinu moreuza, a zatim su SAD izvršile pritisak na obe strane da uđu u prećutni sporazum da ne prelaze srednju liniju. NRK nije prešla srednju liniju sve do 1999. godine, međutim, nakon prvog nasrtaja 1999. godine, kineski avioni su prelazili preko srednje linije sa sve većom regularnošću. Srednja linija je takođe poznata kao Dejvisova linija.

Geologija

Raspodela sedimenta

Svake godine, tajvanske reke nose do 370 miliona tona sedimenata u more, uključujući 60 do 150 miliona tona deponovanih u Tajvanski moreuz. Tokom proteklih deset hiljada godina, 600 milijardi tona rečnih sedimenata je deponovano u Tajvanskom moreuzu, lokalno formirajući sloj debljine do 40 m u južnom delu Tajvanskog moreuza.

Galerija

• 
  Pogled sa zapadne strane Azije na Pacifik
• 
  Pogled sa istočne strane Pacifika ka Aziji
• 
  Pogled sa južne strane Istočnokineskog mora na Južnokinesko more
• 
  Pogled sa severne strane Južnokineskog mora na Istočnokinesko more

Vidi još

• Republika Kina
• Kina

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