Sesil Rouds
Sesil Džon Rouds (engl. Cecil John Rhodes; Bišops Stortford, 5. jul 1853 — Mujzenberg, 26. mart 1902)[1] bio je osnivač države na jugu Afrike, Rodezije koja je imenovana po njemu (od 1980. je poznata kao Zimbabve). Rouds je profitirao od prirodnih resursa na jugu Afrike.
Sesil Rouds | |
|---|---|
 Sesil Rouds | |
| Datum rođenja | 5. jul 1853. |
| Mesto rođenja | Bišops Stortford, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo |
| Datum smrti | 26. mart 1902. (48 god.) |
| Mesto smrti | Mujzenberg, Kolonija Rt dobre nade |
Rouds je bio britanski rudarski magnat i političar u južnoj Africi koji je bio premijer Kejpske kolonije od 1890. do 1896. Kao predani podanik britanskog imperijalizma, Rouds i njegova Britanska južnoafrička kompanija osnovali su južnoafričku teritoriju Rodeziju (sada Zimbabve i Zambija), koju je kompanija nazvala po njemu 1895. Južnoafrički Roudsov univerzitet takođe nosi njegovo ime. On je takođe uložio veliki napor u svoju viziju železnice od Rta do Kaira preko britanske teritorije. Rouds je postavio odredbe Roudsove stipendiji, koja se finansira iz njegovog imanja.
Kao sin vikara, Rouds je rođen u Netsvel hausu, Bišops Stortford, Hartfordšir. On je bio bolesno dete, te ga je porodica poslala u Južnu Afriku sa 17 godina u nadi da bi tamošnja klima mogla da poboljša njegovo zdravlje. On je ušao je u trgovinu dijamantima u Kimberliju 1871. godine, kada je imao 18 godina, i zahvaljujući finansiranju firme Rotsčajld & Ko, počeo je da sistematski otkupljuje i konsoliduje rudnike dijamanata. Tokom naredne dve decenije stekao je gotovo potpunu dominaciju na svetskom tržištu dijamanata, formirajući ogroman monopol. Njegova dijamantska kompanija De Birs, osnovana 1888. godine, zadržala je svoju prominentnost u 21. veku.
Rouds je ušao u Parlament Rta sa 27 godina 1881. godine,[2] a 1890. postao je premijer. Tokom svog vremena kao premijer, Rouds je koristio svoju političku moć da eksproprira zemlju od crnih Afrikanaca putem Glen Grej zakona, dok je isto tako utrostručio zahtev za bogatstvom kao preduslov za glasanje prema Zakonu o franšizi i glasačkim listićima, čime je efikasno onemogućio crncima da učestvuju na izborima.[3][4] Nakon što je nadgledao formiranje Rodezije tokom ranih 1890-ih, bio je primoran da podnese ostavku 1896. godine nakon katastrofalnog Džejmesonovog prepada, neovlašćenog napada na Pol Krugerovu Južnoafričku Republiku (ili Transval). Rodosova karijera se nikada nije oporavila; srce mu je bilo slabo i nakon niza godina lošeg zdravlja umro je 1902. Sahranjen je u današnjem Zimbabveu; njegov grob je kontroverzno mesto.
Biografija
uredi
U Južnu Afriku prvi je put otišao 1870. godine zbog lošeg zdravlja. Svoje bogatstvo stekao je delotvornom kontrolom nad južnoafričkom industrijom dijamanata pod imenom „Britanske južnoafričke kompanije“.
Godine 1895. osnovao je državu pod svojim imenom, Rodeziju (današnji Zimbabve), formalno pripojivši područja južno od reke Zambezi, kojima je upravljala Južnoafrička kompanija. Bio je premijer države.
Britance je smatrao prvom rasom sveta i sanjao je o ujedinjenju anglo-američkog sveta pod jednu zajedničku imperijalističku vlast.
Reference
uredi- ^ The Times & 27 March 1902.
- ^ Rotberg 1988, str. 128.
- ^ Dowden, Richard (17. 4. 1994). „Apartheid: made in Britain: Richard Dowden explains how Churchill, Rhodes and Smuts caused black South Africans to lose their rights”. The Independent. London. Pristupljeno 15. 1. 2016.
- ^ History of South Africa Timeline (1485–1975) Arhivirano 13 septembar 2011 na sajtu Wayback Machine
- ^ "Death Of Mr. Rhodes", The Times, 27 March 1902; pp. 7
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Spoljašnje veze
uredi- Cecil John Rhodes, 1853 - 1902
- Cecil Rhodes: Lowdown Thief or Hero for the Nation? Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (2. jul 2008)
- Cecil John Rhodes history
- Novinski isečci na temu Sesil Rouds u Novinskim arhivama 20. veka Nemačke nacionalne biblioteke ekonomije (ZBW)
- Cecil John Rhodes na sajtu NPG (jezik: engleski)
