Википедија

Lorens Darel

британски књижевник

Lorens Džordž Darel (engl. Lawrence George Durrell; Džalandar, 27. februar 1912 — Somijer, 7. novembar 1990) bio je britanski književnik irskog porekla.

Lorens Džordž Darel
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja(1912-02-27)27. februar 1912.
Mesto rođenjaDžalandar, Indija
Datum smrti7. novembar 1990.(1990-11-07) (78 god.)
Mesto smrtiSomijer, Francuska
Književni rad
Najvažnija dela„Aleksandrijski kvartet”
Zvanični veb-sajt

Biografija

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Veći deo života je proveo van svoje domovine. Stvaralac je širokog interesovanja, iskustva i kulture. Pisao je drame, poeziju, putopise, eseje i posebno romane, sa kojima je stekao slavu. Čuven je po romanesknoj tetralogiji „Aleksandrijski kvartet”.

Detinjstvo je proveo u rodnoj Indiji, gde je rođen u porodici britanskih kolonizatora. Kada je napunio 12 godina, zajedno sa bratom Leslijem, poslat je u Englesku, gde su pohađali prvo školu Sv. Olafa i Sv. Spasitelja u Sautvarku, a potom školu Sv. Edmunda u Kenterberiju.

Nasledivši omanji imetak nakon očeve smrti, Darel je napustio školu i preselio se u Blumsberi sa namerom da postane pisac. U martu 1935. preselio se na ostrvo Krf zajedno sa svojom prvom ženom, majkom i mlađom braćom i sestrom. Na Krfu se susreo sa mediteranskom kulturom, koja će izvršiti presudan uticaj na njegovo stvaralaštvo. Radio je na nižim pozicijama diplomatske službe u britanskim ambasadama u Egiptu, Rodosu, Argentini, Jugoslaviji[1] i Kipru. O službovanju u Jugoslaviji, Beogradu i komunističkim zvaničnicima u prepisci sa prijateljima i u knjigama, izražavao se izrazito negativno.[2]

Od 1966. do svoje smrti živeo je u selu Somijer na jugu Francuske.[3]

Na književnom polju debitovao je zbirkom pesama „Čudni fragmenti” 1931, ali je priznanje stekao pišući romane. Pisao je pod snažnim uticajem D. H. Lorensa, T. S. Eliota i Henrija Milera. Najpoznatiji je po tetralogiji Aleksandrijski kvartet, koja se sastoji iz romana „Justina”, „Baltazar”, „Mauntoliv” i „Klea”. Ova senzualna i poetska studija o ljubavi napisana je istančanim i bogatim jezičkim izrazom i tehnikom menjanja perspektive. Tetralogija je postala internacionalni bestseler i omogućila je Darelu ekonomsku nezavisnost. Ipak, njegova kasnija dela, uključujući i sličnom tehnikom napisano petoknjižje „Avinjonski kvintet”, ostali su u senci njegovog najpoznatijeg ostvarenja. Bio je osam puta nominovan za Nobelovu nagradu, ali je nikada nije osvojio.[4]

Njegov mlađi brat je bio prirodnjak Džerald Darel.

Dela

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Romani

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Putopisi

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  • Prospero's Cell: A guide to the landscape and manners of the island of Corcyra [Corfu] (1945; republished 2000) (ISBN 0-571-20165-2)
  • Reflections on a Marine Venus (1953)
  • Bitter Lemons (1957; republished as Bitter Lemons of Cyprus 2001)
  • Blue Thirst (1975)
  • Sicilian Carousel (1977)
  • The Greek Islands (1978)
  • Caesar's Vast Ghost: Aspects of Provence (1990)

Poezija

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  • Quaint Fragments: Poems Written between the Ages of Sixteen and Nineteen (1931)
  • Ten Poems (1932)
  • Transition: Poems (1934)
  • A Private Country (1943)
  • Cities, Plains and People (1946)
  • On Seeming to Presume (1948)
  • The Poetry of Lawrence Durrell (1962)
  • Selected Poems: 1953–1963 Edited by Alan Ross (1964)
  • The Ikons (1966)
  • The Suchness of the Old Boy (1972)
  • Collected Poems: 1931–1974 Edited by James A. Brigham (1980)
  • Selected Poems of Lawrence Durrell Edited by Peter Porter (2006)

Drame

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  • Bromo Bombastes, under the pseudonym Gaffer Peeslake (1933)
  • Sappho: A Play in Verse (1950)
  • An Irish Faustus: A Morality in Nine Scenes (1963)
  • Acte (1964)

Humor

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  • Esprit de Corps (1957)
  • Stiff Upper Lip (1958)
  • Sauve Qui Peut (1966)
  • Antrobus Complete (1985), zbirka kratkih priča o životu u diplomatskoj službi

Pisma i eseji

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  • A Key to Modern British Poetry (1952)
  • Art & Outrage: A Correspondence About Henry Miller Between Alfred Perles and Lawrence Durrell (1959)
  • Lawrence Durrell and Henry Miller: A Private Correspondence (1962) edited by George Wickes
  • Spirit of Place: Letters and Essays on Travel (1969)
  • Literary Lifelines: The Richard Aldington—Lawrence Durrell Correspondence (1981)
  • A Smile in the Mind's Eye (1980)
  • "Letters to T. S. Eliot" (1987) Twentieth Century Literature Vol. 33, No. 3 pp. 348–358.
  • The Durrell-Miller Letters: 1935–80 (1988)
  • Letters to Jean Fanchette (1988)
  • From the Elephant's Back: Collected Essays & Travel Writings (2015)

Reference

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  1. ^ Čitanje tvoje knjige bilo je događaj u mom životu („Politika”, 16. avgust 2020)
  2. ^ Goldsvorti, Vesna (2022). Otkrivanje Ruritanije. Beograd: Geopolitika. 
  3. ^ Krueger, Christine L. (2014). Encyclopedia of British Writers, 19th and 20th Centuries. Infobase Publishing. str. 116. ISBN 978-1-4381-0870-4. 
  4. ^ „Nomination Database Lawrence Durrell”. Nobel.org. Pristupljeno 18. 7. 2018. 

Dodatna literatura

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Biografije i intervjui
  • Andrewski, Gene; Mitchell, Julian (1960). „Lawrence Durrell, The Art of Fiction No. 23”. The Paris Review (Autumn–Winter 1959–1960). Arhivirano iz originala 4. 1. 2013. g. Pristupljeno 30. 10. 2010. 
  • Bowker, Gordon. Through the Dark Labyrinth: A Biography of Lawrence Durrell. New York: St. Martin's P, 1997.
  • Chamberlin, Brewster. A Chronology of the Life and Times of Lawrence Durrell. Corfu: Durrell School of Corfu, 2007.
  • Commengé, Béatrice. Une vie de paysages. Paris: Verdier, 2016.
  • Durrell, Lawrence. The Big Supposer: An Interview with Marc Alyn. New York: Grove P, 1974.
  • Haag, Michael. Alexandria: City of Memory. London and New Haven: Yale U P, 2004. [Intertwined biographies of Lawrence Durrell, E. M. Forster and Constantine Cavafy in Alexandria.]
  • Haag, Michael. Vintage Alexandria: Photographs of the City 1860–1960. Cairo and New York: The American U of Cairo P, 2008. [Includes an introduction on the historical, social and literary significance of Alexandria, and extensively captioned photographs of the cosmopolitan city and its inhabitants, including Durrell and people he knew.]
  • MacNiven, Ian. Lawrence Durrell—A Biography. London: Faber and Faber, 1998.
  • Todd, Daniel Ray. An Annotated, Enumerative Bibliography of the Criticism of Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria Quartet and his Travel Works. New Orleans: Tulane U, 1984. [Doctoral dissertation]
  • Ingersoll, Earl. Lawrence Durrell: Conversations. Cranbury: Ashgate; 1998.
Kritičke studije
  • Alexandre-Garner, Corinne, ed. Lawrence Durrell Revisited : Lawrence Durrell Revisité. Confluences 21. Nanterre: Université Paris X, 2002.
  • Alexandre-Garner, Corinne, ed. Lawrence Durrell: Actes Du Colloque Pour L'Inauguration De La Bibliothèque Durrell. Confluences 15. Nanterre: Université Paris-X, 1998.
  • Alexandre-Garner, Corinne. Le Quatuor D'Alexandrie, Fragmentation Et Écriture : Étude Sur Lámour, La Femme Et L'Écriture Dans Le Roman De Lawrence Durrell. Anglo-Saxon Language and Literature 136. New York: Peter Lang, 1985.
  • Begnal, Michael H., ed. On Miracle Ground: Essays on the Fiction of Lawrence Durrell. Lewisburg: Bucknell U P, 1990.
  • Clawson, James M. Durrell Re-read : Crossing the Liminal in Lawrence Durrell's Major Novels. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson U P, 2016.
  • Cornu, Marie-Renée. La Dynamique Du Quatuor D'Alexandrie De Lawrence Durrell: Trois Études. Montréal: Didier, 1979.
  • Fraser, G. S. Lawrence Durrell: A Study. London: Faber and Faber, 1968.
  • Friedman, Alan Warren, ed. Critical Essays on Lawrence Durrell. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1987.
  • Friedman, Alan Warren. Lawrence Durrell and "The Alexandria Quartet": Art for Love's Sake. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 1970.
  • Gifford, James. Personal Modernisms: Anarchist Networks and the Later Avant-Gardes . EdmontonL U Alberta P, 2014.
  • Herbrechter, Stefan. Lawrence Durrell, Postmodernism and the Ethics of Alterity. Postmodern Studies 26. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1999.
  • Hoops, Wiklef. Die Antinomie Von Theorie Und Praxis in Lawrence Durrells Alexandria Quartet: Eine Strukturuntersuchung. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1976.
  • Isernhagen, Hartwig. Sensation, Vision and Imagination: The Problem of Unity in Lawrence Durrell's Novels. Bamberg: Bamberger Fotodruck, 1969.
  • Kaczvinsky, Donald P. Lawrence Durrell's Major Novels, or The Kingdom of the Imagination. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna U P, 1997.
  • Kaczvinsky, Donald P., ed. Durrell and the City: Collected Essays on Place. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson U P, 2011.
  • Keller-Privat, Isabelle. « Between the lines »: l’écriture du déchirement dans la poésie de Lawrence Durrell. Paris: Presses Universitaires de Paris Ouest, 2015.
  • Lampert, Gunther. Symbolik Und Leitmotivik in Lawrence Durrells Alexandria Quartet. Bamberg: Rodenbusch, 1974.
  • Lillios, Anna, ed. Lawrence Durrell and the Greek World. London: Associated U Presses, 2004.
  • Moore, Harry T., ed. The World of Lawrence Durrell. Carbondale: Southern Illinois U P, 1962.
  • Morrison, Ray. A Smile in His Mind's Eye: A Study of the Early Works of Lawrence Durrell. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2005.
  • Pelletier, Jacques. Le Quatour D'Alexandrie De Lawrence Durrell. Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria Quartet. Paris: Hachette, 1975.
  • Pine, Richard. Lawrence Durrell: The Mindscape. Corfu: Durrell School of Corfu, revised edition, 2005.
  • Pine, Richard. The Dandy and the Herald: Manners, Mind and Morals From Brummell to Durrell. New York: St. Martin's P, 1988.
  • Raper, Julius Rowan, et al, eds. Lawrence Durrell: Comprehending the Whole. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1995.
  • Rashidi, Linda Stump. (Re)constructing Reality: Complexity in Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria Quartet. New York: Peter Lang, 2005.
  • Ruprecht, Walter Hermann. Durrells Alexandria Quartet: Struktur Als Belzugssystem. Sichtung Und Analyse. Swiss Studies in English 72. Berne: Francke Verlag, 1972.
  • Sajavaara, Kari. Imagery in Lawrence Durrell's Prose. Mémoires De La Société Néophilologique De Helsinki 35. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, 1975.
  • Sertoli, Giuseppe. Lawrence Durrell. Civilta Letteraria Del Novecento: Sezione Inglese—Americana 6. Milano: Mursia, 1967.
  • Potter, Robert A., and Brooke Whiting. Lawrence Durrell: A Checklist. Los Angeles: U of California, Los Angeles Library, 1961.
  • Thomas, Alan G., and James Brigham. Lawrence Durrell: An Illustrated Checklist. Carbondale: Southern Illinois U P, 1983.
Kritički članci
  • Zahlan, Anne R. "Always Friday the Thirteenth: The Knights Templar and the Instability of History in Durrell's The Avignon Quintet." Deus Loci: The Lawrence Durrell Journal NS11 (2008–09): 23–39.
  • Zahlan, Anne R. "Avignon Preserved: Conquest and Liberation in Lawrence Durrell's Constance." The Literatures of War. Ed. Richard Pine and Eve Patten. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2009. 253–276.
  • Zahlan, Anne R. "City as Carnival: Narrative as Palimpsest: Lawrence Durrell's The Alexandria Quartet." The Journal of Narrative Technique 18 (1988): 34–46.
  • Zahlan, Anne R. "Crossing the Border: Lawrence Durrell's Alexandrian Conversion to Post-Modernism." South Atlantic Review 64:4 (Fall 1999).
  • Zahlan, Anne R. "The Destruction of the Imperial Self in Lawrence Durrell's The Alexandria Quartet." Self and Other: Perspectives on Contemporary Literature XII. University Press of Kentucky, 1986. 3–12.
  • Zahlan, Anne R. "The Most Offending Souls Alive: Ruskin, Mountolive, and the Myth of Empire." Deus Loci: The Lawrence Durrell Journal NS10 (2006).
  • Zahlan, Anne. R. "The Negro as Icon: Transformation and the Black Body" in Lawrence Durrell's The Avignon Quintet. South Atlantic Review 71.1 (Winter 2006). 74–88.
  • Zahlan, Anne. R. "War at the Heart of the Quincunx: Resistance and Collaboration in Durrell's Constance." Deus Loci: The Lawrence Durrell Journal NS12 (2010). 38–59.

Spoljašnje veze

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