Uporedna religija
Uporedna religija je grana proučavanja religija koja se bavi sistematskim poređenjem doktrina i praksi svetskih religija. Generalno komparativna studija religije daje dublje razumevanje osnovnih filozofskih pitanja religije kao što su etika, metafizika, priroda i oblici spasenja. Proučavanje takvog materijala olakšava šire i sofisticiranije razumevanje ljudskih verovanja i praksi u pogledu svetog, nadahnujućeg, duhovnog i božanskog.[1]
U oblasti komparativne religije, ustaljena geografska klasifikacija[2] glavnih svetskih religija razlikuje grupe kao što su religije Bliskog Istoka (uključujući iranske religije), indijske religije, istočnoazijske religije, afričke religije, američke religije, okeanske religije i klasične Helenističke religije.[2]
Istorija
уредиAl-Biruni i Ibn Hazm iz islamskog zlatnog doba upoređivali su studije religioznog pluralizma, i njihova dela su značajna u poljima teologije i filozofije.[3][4][5][6] Društveni naučnici u 19. veku su bili veoma zainteresovani za uporednu i „primitivnu” religiju kao što se to vidi u delima Maksa Milera, Edvarda Berneta Tajlora, Vilijama Robertsona Smita, Džejmsa Džordža Frejzera, Emila Durkeima, Maksa Vebera i Rudolfa Ota.[7][8] Nikolas de Lanž, profesor hebrejskih i jevrejskih studija na Univerzitetu Kembridž, kaže da
Uporedna studija religija je akademska disciplina koja je razvijena na hrišćanskim teološkim fakultetima i ima tendenciju da forsira veoma različite pojave u svojevrsni šablon urađen po hrišćanskom obrascu. Problem nije samo u tome što druge „religije” mogu imati malo ili ništa za kažu o pitanjima koja su od gorućeg značaja za hrišćanstvo, već i što one uvek ne smatraju sebe kao religije na potpuno isti način na koji hrišćanstvo sebe vidi kao religiju.[9]
Primeri koji pokazuju ovu tačku su budizam i kineske narodne religije. Ovi sistemi verovanja se istorijski nisu smatrali međusobno isključivim i tokom vremena su se mešali u različita verovanja kao što je budizam čiste zemlje. Ovo pokazuje značajnu razliku u odnosu na zapadnjačka shvatanja religija koje smatraju da privrženost jednoj religiji isključuje članstvo u drugoj veri.[10]
Hinduizam i budizam pružaju još jedan uvid u obliku soteriologije. Uporedno proučavanje religija može pristupiti religijama sa osnovnom idejom o spasenju sa večnim životom posle smrti, ali religije poput hinduizma ili budizma nužno ne dele ovo gledište. Umesto toga, hinduizam i teravadski budizam govore o povratku u nepostojanje i bekstvu iz ciklusa reinkarnacije, a ne o večnom životu posle smrti.[11][12]
Reference
уреди- ^ "Human beings' relation to that which they regard as holy, sacred, spiritual, and divine" Encyclopædia Britannica (online, 2006), cited in „Definitions of Religion”. Religion facts.
- ^ а б Charles Joseph Adams, Classification of religions: geographical, Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ Ibn Hazm. (1997). The Ring of the Dove: A Treatise on the Art and Practice of Arab Love. ISBN 1-898942-02-1. (Preface). Trans. A. J. Arberry. Luzac Oriental.
- ^ R. Arnaldez, Ibn Ḥazm Архивирано 2 август 2018 на сајту Wayback Machine. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. 9 January 2013
- ^ Joseph A. Kechichian, A mind of his own. Gulf News: 21:30 December 20, 2012.
- ^ „USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts”. Usc.edu. Архивирано из оригинала 2008-11-28. г. Приступљено 2010-09-12.
- ^ Hans Kippenberg (2001). Discovering Religious History in the Modern Age..
- ^ Berner, Ulrich (2021-08-05). „Max Müller, Charles Darwin and the science of religion”. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies (на језику: енглески). 77 (2): 8. ISSN 2072-8050. doi:10.4102/hts.v77i2.6730 .
- ^ Nicholas de Lange (1986). Judaism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-219198-4.
- ^ Yong, A. (2016). Many tongues, many buddhisms in a pluralistic world: A christian interpretation at the interreligious crossroads. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 43(2), 357-IV.
- ^ Batchelor, S. (2012). A secular buddhism. Journal of Global Buddhism, 13, 87-107. ProQuest 2380027512
- ^ Osto, D. (2018). NO-SELF IN SĀṂKHYA: A COMPARATIVE LOOK AT CLASSICAL SĀṂKHYA AND THERAVĀDA BUDDHISM. Philosophy East and West, 68(1), 201-222,III. ProQuest 1980472798
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Spoljašnje veze
уреди- Patheos.com's Side-By-Side Comparative "Lenses"
- ReligiousTolerance.org Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (6. децембар 2010)
- ReligionFacts.com
- Comparative-religion.com
- Studies in Comparative Religion
- Answers to Questions of Faith From Several Worldviews
- „The Faith versus Reason Debate” – comparative religion studies inspired by Aldous Huxley's The Perennial Philosophy
- Have religious discussions and debates both voice and text on telegram group: Discuss Religion