Википедија

Strukovno udruženje

(преусмерено са Professional association)

Strukovno udruženje (takođe se naziva profesionalno telo, profesionalna organizacija ili profesionalno društvo) nastoji da unapredi određenu profesiju, interese pojedinaca koji se bave tom profesijom i javni interes. U Sjedinjenim Državama takvo udruženje je obično neprofitna organizacija za poreske svrhe.[1]

Uloge

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Uloge profesionalnih udruženja su različito definisane: „Grupa ljudi koji se bave naučnim zanimanjem kojima je povereno da zadrže kontrolu ili nadzor nad zakonitom praksom zanimanja”;[2] takođe telo koje deluje tako „da štiti javni interes”;[3] organizacije koje „zastupaju interese profesionalnih praktičara”, i tako „deluju da bi zadržale vlastiti privilegovani i moćni položaj kontrolnog tela”.[3] U Velikoj Britaniji, Savet za nauku definiše profesionalno telo kao „organizaciju sa individualnim članovima koji se bave nekom profesijom ili zanimanjem u kojoj ta organizacija ima nadzor nad znanjem, veštinama, ponašanjem i bavljenjem tom profesijom ili zanimanjem”.[4] Agencija za osiguranje kvaliteta pravi razliku između statutarnih tela i regulatora koji „imaju ovlašćenja parlamenta da regulišu profesiju ili grupu profesija i štite upotrebu profesionalnih zvanja” i profesionalna tela koja su „nezavisne članske organizacije koje nadgledaju aktivnosti određene profesije i zastupaju interese [svojih] članova” koja „mogu na dobrovoljnoj osnovi ponuditi registraciju ili potvrdu neregulisanih zanimanja.”[5]

Većina profesionalnih organizacija globalnog opsega (pogledajte Spisak međunarodnih profesionalnih udruženja) nalazi se u Sjedinjenim Državama. SAD su često vodile transformaciju različitih zanimanja u profesije, proces opisan u akademskoj literaturi kao profesionalizacija.[6][7][8][9][10]

Mnoga stručna tela su uključena u akreditaciju diploma, definisanje i ispitivanje veština i kompetencija neophodnih za praksu osobe i dodeljivanje profesionalnih sertifikata koji ukazuju na to da je data osoba kvalifikovana za predmetnu oblast.[11] Ponekad je članstvo u profesionalnom telu sinonim za sertifikaciju, mada ne uvek. Članstvo u profesionalnom telu, kao zakonski uslov, može u nekim profesijama predstavljati primarnu formalnu osnovu za sticanje pristupa i uspostavljanje prakse u toj profesiji; pogledajte licenciranje.[12][13][14]

Mnoga profesionalna tela takođe deluju kao učena društva za akademske discipline u osnovi njihovih profesija.[1]

Reference

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  1. ^ а б Speight, James (2014-12-10). Educating Scientists and Engineers for Academic and Non-Academic Career Success. CRC Press. стр. 59. ISBN 9781466553576. Приступљено 24. 8. 2018. 
  2. ^ Harvey, L. (2004). „Professional body”. Quality Research International. Analytic Quality Glossary. 
  3. ^ а б Harvey, L.; Mason, S.; Ward, R. (1995). Role of Professional Bodies in Higher Education Quality Monitoring. Birmingham: Quality in Higher Education Project. ISBN 1-85920-108-3. 
  4. ^ „Our definition of a Professional Body”. Science Council. Приступљено 23. 2. 2019. 
  5. ^ „UK Quality Code for Higher Education: Part A: Seeing and Maintaining Academic Standards” (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. 2018. стр. 5—6. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 12. 04. 2019. г. Приступљено 23. 2. 2019. 
  6. ^ Nilsson, Henrik. „Professionalism, Lecture 5, What is a Profession?” (PDF). University of Nottingham. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2007-09-26. г. Приступљено 2007-08-05. 
  7. ^ Weeden, Kim A. (2002). „Why Do Some Occupations Pay More than Others? Social Closure and Earnings Inequality in the United States”. 108 (1). University of Chicago Press: 55—101. ISSN 1537-5390. JSTOR 10.1086/344121. doi:10.1086/344121. 
  8. ^ Anne Witz (1990-11-01). „Patriarchy and Professions: The Gendered Politics of Occupational Closure”. Sociology. Soc.sagepub.com. 24 (4): 675—690. doi:10.1177/0038038590024004007. 
  9. ^ S. A. L. Cavanagh (2003-03-01). „The Gender of Professionalism and Occupational Closure: the management of tenure-related disputes by the 'Federation of Women Teachers' Associations of Ontario' 1918–1949”. Gender and Education. Ingentaconnect.com. 15 (1): 39—57. doi:10.1080/0954025032000042130. 
  10. ^ „Karen Mahony & Brett Van Toen, "Mathematical Formalism as a Means of Occupational Closure in Computing—Why 'Hard' Computing Tends to Exclude Women," Gender and Education, 2.3, 1990, pp. 319–31”. Приступљено 4. 10. 2014. 
  11. ^ „Professional bodies and professional qualification”. Target Jobs. Приступљено 23. 2. 2019. 
  12. ^ Careers in Interior Design. "Stages of Your Career: Licensing & Regulation." Архивирано 2015-05-10 на сајту Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Alternative & Unlicensed Practitioners. "Practicing Your Profession in Oregon Without a License, Legally and Ethically." December 6, 2014
  14. ^ {{cite journal |title=Patriarchy and Professions: The Gendered Politics of Occupational Closure |first=Anne |last=Witz |Sociology]] |date= |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=675–690 |journal=[[Sociology (journal)|date=1990 |doi=10.1177/0038038590024004007 }}

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