Nematocera
Nematocera (ime koje znači „nitni rogovi ”) su podred izduženih muva sa tankim, segmentiranim antenama i uglavnom vodenim larvama. Ova grupa je parafiletska i sadrži sve mušice osim vrsta iz podreda Brachycera[4] (ime znači „kratkoroge“), što uključuje poznatije vrste kao što su kućna muva ili obična voćna muva.
| Nematocera | |
|---|---|
| |
| Aedes aegypti, komarac prenosilac bolesti | |
Naučna klasifikacija 
| |
| Domen: | Eukaryota |
| Carstvo: | Animalia |
| Tip: | Arthropoda |
| Klasa: | Insecta |
| Red: | Diptera |
| Podred: | Nematocera Duméril, 1805[1] |
| Podredovi[3] | |
Familije
уредиOve familije pripadaju podredu Nematocera:[3][5][6]
- Anisopodidae Knab, 1912
- Axymyiidae Shannon, 1921
- Bibionidae Fleming, 1821
- Blephariceridae Loew, 1861
- Bolitophilidae Winnertz, 1863
- Canthyloscelididae Enderlein, 1912
- Cecidomyiidae Newman, 1835
- Ceratopogonidae Newman, 1834
- Chaoboridae Newman, 1834
- Chironomidae Newman, 1834
- Corethrellidae Edwards, 1932
- Culicidae Meigen, 1818
- Cylindrotomidae Schiner, 1863
- Deuterophlebiidae Edwards, 1922
- Diadocidiidae Winnertz, 1863
- Ditomyiidae Keilin, 1919
- Dixidae Schiner, 1868[7] - meniscus midges
- Hesperinidae Schiner, 1864
- Keroplatidae Rondani, 1856
- Limoniidae Rondani, 1856
- Lygistorrhinidae Edwards, 1925
- Mycetophilidae Newman, 1834
- Nymphomyiidae Tokunaga, 1932
- Pachyneuridae Schiner, 1864
- Pediciidae Osten Sacken, 1859
- Perissommatidae Colless, 1962
- Psychodidae Newman, 1834
- Ptychopteridae Osten Sacken, 1862
- Rangomaramidae Jaschhof & Didham, 2002
- Scatopsidae Newman, 1834
- Sciaridae Billberg, 1820
- Simuliidae Newman, 1834
- Tanyderidae Osten Sacken, 1880
- Thaumaleidae Bezzi, 1913
- Tipulidae Latreille, 1802
- Trichoceridae Rondani, 1841
- Valeseguyidae Amorim & Grimaldi, 2006
- † Ansorgiidae Krzemiñski & Lukashevich, 1993
- † Antefungivoridae Rohdendorf, 1938
- † Archizelmiridae Rohdendorf, 1962
- † Asiochaoboridae Hong & Wang, 1990
- † Boholdoyidae Kovalev, 1985
- † Cascopleciidae Poinar Jr., 2010
- † Crosaphididae Kovalev, 1983
- † Elliidae Krzeminska, Blagoderov & Krezmiñski, 1993
- † Eoditomyiidae Ansorge, 1996
- † Eopolyneuridae Rohdendorf, 1962
- † Grauvogeliidae Krzemiñski, 1999
- † Hennigmatidae Shcherbakov, 1995
- † Heterorhyphidae Ansorge & Krzemiñski, 1995
- † Hyperpolyneuridae Rohdendorf, 1962
- † Luanpingitidae Zhang, 1986
- † Mesosciophilidae Rohdendorf, 1946
- † Nadipteridae Lukashevich, 1995
- † Palaeophoridae Rohdendorf, 1951
- † Paraxymyiidae Rohdendorf, 1946
- † Pleciofungivoridae Rohdendorf, 1946
- † Procramptonomyiidae Kovalev, 1983
- † Protendipedidae Rohdendorf, 1951
- † Protopleciidae Rohdendorf, 1946
- † Protorhyphidae Handlirsch, 1906
- † Protoscatopsidae Rohdendorf, 1946
- † Serendipidae Evenhuis, 1994
- † Siberhyphidae Kovalev, 1985
- † Strashilidae Rasnitsyn, 1992
- † Tanyderophrynidae Rohdendorf, 1962
- † Tethepomyiidae Grimaldi & Arillo, 2009
- † Tillyardipteridae Lukashevich & Shcherbakov, 1999
- † Tipulodictyidae Rohdendorf, 1962
- † Tipulopleciidae Rohdendorf, 1962
- † Vladipteridae Shcherbakov, 1995
Reference
уреди- ^ Sabrosky, C.W. (1999). „Family-Group Names in Diptera” (PDF). Myia. 10: 1—360. (page 358)
- ^
Savage, Jade; Borkent, Art; Brodo, Fenja; Cumming, Jeffrey M.; et al. (2019). „Diptera of Canada. In: Langor DW, Sheffield CS (Eds) The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment. Part 1: The Terrestrial Arthropods”. ZooKeys (819): 397—450. PMC 6355757
. PMID 30713456. doi:10.3897/zookeys.819.27625 .
- ^ а б Pape, Thomas; Blagoderov, Vladimir; Mostovski, Mikhail B. (2011). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, ур. „Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness” (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1. ISSN 1175-5326. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42.
- ^ Wiegmann BM, Trautwein MD, Winkler IS, Barr NB, Kim JW, Lambkin C, et al. (2011). „Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life.”. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108 (14): 5690—5. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.5690W. PMC 3078341 . PMID 21402926. doi:10.1073/pnas.1012675108 .
- ^ Greenwalt, D.; Kjærandsen, J. (2019). „Fungus Gnats Online”. Приступљено 2019-06-09.
- ^ „"Nematocera" (Non-Brachycera)”. BugGuide.net. Приступљено 2019-06-10.
- ^ Schiner, I.R. (1868). Diptera. vi In [Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. von (in charge)], Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2(1)B. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn. стр. 388pp., 4 pls.
Literatura
уреди- Borror, Donald Joyce; Delong, Dwight Moore; Triplehorn, Charles A. (1976). An Introduction to the Study of Insects. New York, Chicago: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 0-03-088406-3.
- Ross h. Arnett, Jr (28. 7. 2000). American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico, Second Edition. Boca Raton, Londres, New York, Washington, D. C.: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0212-9.