Formica
Formica je rod mrava podfamilije [Formicinae]], uključujući vrste koje su obično poznate kao drvni mravi, humčani mravi, slamni mravi i poljski mravi. Formica je tipski rod Formicidae i potfamilije Formicinae.[3] Tipska vrsta roda Formica je evropski crveni drveni mrav Formica rufa.[1] Mravi ovog roda imaju tendenciju da budu dugački između 4 i 8 mm.[4] Mravi koji pripadaju rodu Formica imaju jednu kvrgu koja se nalazi između grudnog koša i abdomena. Ovi mravi se prvenstveno hrane medljikom, slatkom tečnošću koju proizvode lisne uši. Čini se da mravi Formica preuzimaju ulogu pastira sa manjim lisnim ušima, premeštajući ih u različite delove biljaka kako bi osigurali neprekidan izvor hrane za lisne uši. Čineći to, mravi mogu uspostaviti relativno održivo snabdevanje medljikom za sebe i svoju koloniju.[5]
| Formica Vremenski raspon: Eocene-present,
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|---|---|
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| Formica rufa | |
Naučna klasifikacija 
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| Domen: | Eukaryota |
| Carstvo: | Animalia |
| Tip: | Arthropoda |
| Klasa: | Insecta |
| Red: | Hymenoptera |
| Porodica: | Formicidae |
| Rod: | Formica Linnaeus, 1758 |
| Tipska vrsta | |
| Formica rufa[1] | |
| Diverzitet[2] | |
| 234 vrste | |
| Sinonimi | |
|
Adformica Lomnicki, 1925 | |
Vrste
уреди
Prema podacima iz 2018, Formica sadrži najmanje 290 postojećih vrsta i 59 izumrlih vrsta.[2][6]
Vrste uključuju:[7]
- Formica abdominalis Latreille, 1802
- Formica accreta Francoeur, 1973
- Formica acuminata Heer, 1850
- Formica adamsi Wheeler, 1909
- Formica adelungi Forel, 1904
- Formica aegyptiaca Fabricius, 1775
- Formica aemula Heer, 1867
- Formica aequalis Walker, 1871
- Formica aerata Francoeur, 1973
- Formica affinis Leach, 1825
- Formica albipennis Fabricius, 1793
- Formica alsatica Theobald, 1937
- Formica altipetens Wheeler, 1913
- Formica amyoti Le Guillou, 1842
- Formica antiqua Dlussky, 1967
- Formica approximans Wheeler, 1933
- Formica aquilonia Yarrow, 1955
- Formica arcana Scudder, 1877
- Formica archboldi Smith, 1944
- Formica arenicola Buckley, 1866
- Formica argentea Wheeler, 1912
- Formica aserva Forel, 1901
- Formica atavina Heer, 1850
- Formica aterrima Cresson, 1865
- Formica atra Schilling, 1839
- Formica auxillacensis Piton, 1935
- Formica balcanica Petrov & Collingwood, 1993
- Formica baltica Dlussky, 1967
- Formica bauckhorni Meunier, 1915
- Formica beijingensis Wu, 1990
- Formica bicolor Leach, 1825
- Formica biamoensis Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015[8]
- Formica bradleyi Wheeler, 1913
- Formica browni Francoeur, 1973
- Formica bruni Kutter, 1967
- Formica brunneonitida Dlussky, 1964
- Formica buphthalma Novak, 1878
- Formica californica (Creighton, 1950)
- Formica calviceps Cole, 1954
- Formica canadensis Santschi, 1914
- Formica candida Smith, 1878
- Formica cantalica Piton, 1935
- Formica capito Heer, 1867
- Formica chufejif Forskal, 1775
- Formica ciliata Mayr, 1886
- Formica cinerea Mayr, 1853
- Formica cinereofusca Karavaiev, 1929
- Formica clara Forel, 1886
- Formica clymene Wheeler, 1915
- Formica cockerelli Carpenter, 1930
- Formica coloradensis Creighton, 1940
- Formica comata Wheeler, 1909
- Formica conica Fabricius, 1798
- Formica connecticutensis Buckley, 1866
- Formica creightoni Buren, 1968
- Formica criniventris Wheeler, 1912
- Formica cunicularia Latreille, 1798
- Formica curiosa Creighton, 1935
- Formica dakotensis Emery, 1893
- Formica decipiens Bondroit, 1918
- Formica demersa Heer, 1850
- Formica densiventris Viereck, 1903
- Formica didyma Fabricius, 1782
- Formica difficilis Emery, 1893
- Formica dirksi Wing, 1949
- Formica dislocata Say, 1836
- Formica dlusskyi Bolton, 1995
- Formica dusmeti Emery, 1909
- Formica elevata Fabricius, 1782
- Formica elongata Fabricius, 1787
- Formica emeryi Wheeler, 1913
- Formica eoptera Cockerell, 1923
- Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846
- Formica exsectoides Forel, 1886
- Formica fatale Christ, 1791
- Formica ferocula Wheeler, 1913
- Formica flori Mayr, 1868
- Formica foetens Olivier, 1792
- Formica foreliana Wheeler, 1913
- Formica forsslundi Lohmander, 1949
- Formica fossaceps Buren, 1942
- Formica fossilabris Dlussky, 1965
- Formica fragilis Heer, 1867
- Formica francoeuri Bolton, 1995
- Formica fukaii Wheeler, 1914
- Formica fuliginothorax Blacker, 1992
- Formica fusca Linnaeus, 1758
- Formica fuscescens Gmelin, 1790
- Formica fuscicauda Motschoulsky, 1863
- Formica gagates Latreille, 1798
- Formica gagatoides Ruzsky, 1904
- Formica gerardi Bondroit, 1917
- Formica gibbosa Presl, 1822
- Formica glabra Gmelin, 1790
- Formica glacialis Wheeler, 1908
- Formica globiventris Heer, 1850
- Formica gnava Buckley, 1866
- Formica goesswaldi Kutter, 1967
- Formica gracilis Heer, 1867
- Formica grandis Carpenter, 1930
- Formica gravelyi Mukerjee, 1930
- Formica gravida Heer, 1850
- Formica gynocrates Snelling & Buren, 1985
- Formica heteroptera Cockerell, 1920
- Formica hewitti Wheeler, 1917
- Formica hirta Gravenhorst, 1807
- Formica horrida Wheeler, 1915
- Formica imitans Ruzsky, 1902
- Formica immersa Heer, 1850
- Formica impexa Wheeler, 1905
- Formica incisa Smith, 1858
- Formica indianensis Cole, 1940
- Formica inequalis Lowne, 1865
- Formica insultans Forskal, 1775
- Formica integra Nylander, 1856
- Formica integroides Wheeler, 1913
- Formica japonica Motschoulsky, 1866
- Formica knighti Buren, 1944
- Formica kollari Heer, 1867
- Formica kozlovi Dlussky, 1965
- Formica kupyanskayae Bolton, 1995
- Formica laeviceps Creighton, 1940
- Formica lasioides Emery, 1893
- Formica latinodosa Theobald, 1937
- Formica lavateri Heer, 1850
- Formica lefrancoisi Bondroit, 1918
- Formica lemani Bondroit, 1917
- Formica lepida Wheeler, 1913
- Formica limata Wheeler, 1913
- Formica lincecumii Buckley, 1866
- Formica longicollis Heer, 1850
- Formica longipilosa Francoeur, 1973
- Formica longiventris Heer, 1850
- Formica lucida Giebel, 1856
- Formica lugubris Zetterstedt, 1838
- Formica lutea Dumeril, 1860
- Formica luteola Presl, 1822
- Formica macrocephala Heer, 1850
- Formica macrognatha Presl, 1822
- Formica macrophthalma Heer, 1850
- Formica maculata Geoffroy, 1785
- Formica maculipennis Theobald, 1935
- Formica malabarica Schrank, 1837
- Formica maligna Forskal, 1775
- Formica manni Wheeler, 1913
- Formica martynovi Popov, 1933
- Formica maxillosa Fabricius, 1775
- Formica melanophthalma Reich, 1793
- Formica melanopis Gmelin, 1790
- Formica microgyna Wheeler, 1903
- Formica microphthalma Francoeur, 1973
- Formica minuta Lowne, 1865
- Formica moki Wheeler, 1906
- Formica molestans Latreille, 1802
- Formica montana Wheeler, 1910
- Formica morsei Wheeler, 1906
- Formica mucescens Wheeler, 1913
- Formica naefi Kutter, 1957
- Formica nana Latreille, 1802
- Formica neoclara Emery, 1893
- Formica neogagates Viereck, 1903
- Formica neorufibarbis Emery, 1893
- Formica nepticula Wheeler, 1905
- Formica nevadensis Wheeler, 1904
- Formica nigra Presl, 1822
- Formica nigropratensis Betrem, 1962
- Formica nitida Razoumowsky, 1789
- Formica nitidiventris Emery, 1893
- Formica nortonii Buckley, 1866
- Formica novaeanglae Buckley, 1866
- Formica oblita Heer, 1867
- Formica obscuripes Forel, 1886
- Formica obscuriventris Mayr, 1870
- Formica obsidiana Emery, 1923
- Formica obsoleta Linnaeus, 1758
- Formica obtecta Heer, 1850
- Formica obtusopilosa Emery, 1893
- Formica obvoluta Heer, 1850
- Formica occidentalis Buckley, 1866
- Formica occulta Francoeur, 1973
- Formica ocella Heer, 1850
- Formica oculata Heer, 1850
- Formica omnivora Linnaeus, 1758
- Formica opaciventris Emery, 1893
- Formica ophthalmica Heer, 1850
- Formica orbata Heer, 1850
- Formica oreas Wheeler, 1903
- Formica oregonensis Cole, 1938
- Formica ovata Reich, 1793
- Formica pachucana Francoeur, 1973
- Formica pacifica Francoeur, 1973
- Formica pallidefulva Latreille, 1802
- Formica pallidelutea Latreille, 1802
- Formica pallipes Latreille, 1787
- Formica parvula Presl, 1822
- Formica parvula Dlussky, 1967
- Formica pergandei Emery, 1893
- Formica perpilosa Wheeler, 1913
- Formica phaethusa Wheeler, 1915
- Formica phyllophila Jerdon, 1851
- Formica picipes Reich, 1793
- Formica pisarskii Dlussky, 1964
- Formica pitoni Theobald, 1935
- Formica planipilis Creighton, 1940
- Formica podzolica Francoeur, 1973
- Formica politurata Buckley, 1866
- Formica polyctena Foerster, 1850
- Formica postoculata Kennedy & Dennis, 1937
- Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783
- Formica pressilabris Nylander, 1846
- Formica primitiva Heer, 1850
- Formica primordialis Heer, 1850
- Formica procera Heer, 1850
- Formica prociliata Kennedy & Dennis, 1937
- Formica propatula Francoeur, 1973
- Formica propinqua Creighton, 1940
- Formica puberula Emery, 1893
- Formica pulchella Heer, 1850
- Formica pulla Francoeur, 1973
- Formica pumila Heer, 1850
- Formica pyrenaea Bondroit, 1918
- Formica quadrata Holl, 1829
- Formica quadrinotata Losana, 1834
- Formica querquetulana Kennedy & Davis, 1937
- Formica ravida Creighton, 1940
- Formica rediana Leach, 1825
- Formica reflexa Buren, 1942
- Formica retecta Francoeur, 1973
- Formica robusta Carpenter, 1930
- Formica rostrata Fabricius, 1787
- Formica rubescens Leach, 1825
- Formica rubicunda Emery, 1893
- Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761
- Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793
- Formica ruficeps Motschoulsky, 1863
- Formica ruficornis Gmelin, 1790
- Formica rufolucida Collingwood, 1962
- Formica rufomaculata Ruzsky, 1895
- Formica rupestris Leach, 1825
- Formica saccharivora Linnaeus, 1758
- Formica sanguinea Latreille, 1798
- Formica saxicola Buckley, 1866
- Formica schardj Forskal, 1775
- Formica schaufussi Mayr, 1866
- Formica scitula Wheeler, 1913
- Formica selysi Bondroit, 1918
- Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky, 1915
- Formica sepulta Theobald, 1937
- Formica serresi Theobald, 1937
- Formica seuberti Heer, 1850
- Formica siamicarubra Christ, 1791
- Formica sibylla Wheeler, 1913
- Formica sinae Emery, 1925
- Formica sinensis Wheeler, 1913
- Formica spatulata Buren, 1944
- Formica strangulata Wheeler, 1915
- Formica strenua Haliday, 1836
- Formica subaenescens Emery, 1893
- Formica subcyanea Wheeler, 1913
- Formica subelongata Francoeur, 1973
- Formica subintegra Wheeler, 1908
- Formica subnitens Creighton, 1940
- Formica subpicea Motschoulsky, 1863
- Formica subpilosa Ruzsky, 1902
- Formica subpolita Mayr, 1886
- Formica subrufa Roger, 1859
- Formica subsericea Say, 1836
- Formica subspinosa Buckley, 1866
- Formica suecica Adlerz, 1902
- Formica surinamensis Berendt, 1830
- Formica talbotae Wilson, 1977
- Formica tenuissima Buckley, 1866
- Formica testacea Gmelin, 1790
- Formica testaceipes Leach, 1825
- Formica thoracica Olivier, 1792
- Formica tomentosa Reich, 1793
- Formica torrentium Bernard, 1967
- Formica transmontanis Francoeur, 1973
- Formica triangularis Say, 1836
- Formica trigona Presl, 1822
- Formica tripartita Theobald, 1937
- Formica truncorum Fabricius, 1804
- Formica ulkei Emery, 1893
- Formica ungeri Heer, 1850
- Formica uralensis Ruzsky, 1895
- Formica vagans Fabricius, 1793
- Formica venosa Gmelin, 1790
- Formica vinculans Wheeler, 1913
- Formica virginiana Buckley, 1866
- Formica wongi Wu, 1990
- Formica xerophila Smith, 1939
- Formica yessensis Wheeler, 1913
- Formica yoshiokae Wheeler, 1933
Reference
уреди- ^ а б „Genus: Formica”. antweb.org. AntWeb. Архивирано из оригинала 4. 3. 2016. г. Приступљено 23. 9. 2013.
- ^ а б Bolton, B. (2016). „Formica”. AntCat. Приступљено 25. 4. 2016.
- ^ „Family: Formicidae”. antweb.org. AntWeb. Архивирано из оригинала 15. 7. 2017. г. Приступљено 2. 10. 2013.
- ^ „Field Ant Facts”. Orkin. Архивирано из оригинала 2017-07-16. г. Приступљено 2016-03-31.
- ^ „Formica Ant”. www.insectidentification.org (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 2023-07-03.
- ^ „Browse Formica”. Catalogue of Life. Архивирано из оригинала 2019-11-15. г. Приступљено 2018-02-27.
- ^ Formica species list. Архивирано 2018-02-28 на сајту Wayback Machine Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
- ^ Dlussky, G.M.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Perfilieva, K.S. (2015). „The Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Bol'shaya Svetlovodnaya (Late Eocene of Sikhote-Alin, Russian Far East)” (PDF). Caucasian Entomological Bulletin. 11 (1): 131—152. doi:10.23885/1814-3326-2015-11-1-131-152
. Архивирано (PDF) из оригинала 2020-07-16. г. Приступљено 2016-06-06.
Literatura
уреди- Klotz, J. H. (2008). „Formicinae”. Urban ants of North America and Europe: identification, biology, and management. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-7473-6.
Spoljašnje veze
уреди
Mediji vezani za članak Formica na Vikimedijinoj ostavi
