Činua Ačebe
Činua Ačebe, rođen kao Albert Chinualumogu Achebe (engl. Chinua Achebe, 16. novembar 1930 – 21. mart 2013) bio je nigerijski romanopisac, pesnik i kritičar.[1][2] Najpoznatiji je po svom debitantskom romanu Things Fall Apart (1958),[3][1] koji se smatra najčitanijom knjigom moderne afričke književnosti.[4]
Činua Ačebe | |
---|---|
Lični podaci | |
Puno ime | Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe |
Datum rođenja | 16. novembar 1930. |
Mesto rođenja | Ogidi, Britanska Nigerija |
Datum smrti | 21. mart 2013. (82 god.) |
Mesto smrti | Boston, Masačusets, SAD |
Državljanstvo | Nigerija |
Nacionalnost | Nigerija |
Zanimanje | Pisac i učitelj |
Književni rad | |
Najvažnija dela | '`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000000-QINU`'
|
Odrastao je u hrišćanskoj porodici u Igbo selu Ogidi na jugu Nigerije, te se uspehom u školi izborio za univerzitetsku stipendiju.[5] Postao je fasciniran svetskim religijama i tradicionalnim afričkim kulturama, i za vreme studija je počeo da piše. Nakon diplomiranja radio je za nigerijsku radio-televizijsku kuću Nigerian Broadcasting Service te se preselio u Lagos. Stekao je svetsku slavu romanom Things Fall Apart kasnih 1950-ih; sledili su romani No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A Man of the People (Човек из народа, 1966)[1] i Anthills of the Savannah (1987). Ačebe je romane pisao na engleskom, i branio je svoju upotrebu tog jezika od onih koji su ga kao jezika kolonizatora smatrali neprimerenim afričkoj književnosti. Godine 1975. izazvao je kontroverzu predavanjem An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" u kome je pisca Džozefa Konrada optužio za rasizam.
Kada se oblast Bijafra godine 1967. otcepila od Nigerije, Ačebe je postao vatreni zagovornik nezavisnosti i ambasador nove države. Tada je u zapadnim državama molio za pomoć kako bi pomogao svom narodu napaćenom ratom i glađu. Nakon završetka rata i nigerijskog preuzimanja Bijafre, Ačebe se kraće vreme bavio lokalnom politikom, ali je od nje odustao zgađenjen elitizmom i korupcijom. Neko vreme je živeo u SAD, a godine 1990. se nakon što je paralizovan u saobraćajnoj nesreći, vratio u Nigeriju.
Ačebeovi romani se najviše bave tradicijama i običajima Igbo društva,[6] efektima dolaska hrišćanstva, kao i sukobom različitih vrednosnih sistema za vreme i nakon kolonizacije. Stil mu se temelji na narodnim pričama Igboa i kombinuje standardno pripovedanje s poslovicama i govorima. Osim romana je pisao i novele, dečje knjige i eseje. Posle je predavao jezike i književnost na Bard koledžu u Anandejlu na Hadsonu u američkoj državi Njujork.
Spisak radova
уредиNovele
- Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor Books. 1994 [1958]. ISBN 9780385474542.
- No Longer at Ease. 1960. ISBN 978-0385474559.. E.g. Penguin Books, 1994.
- Arrow of God. 1964. ISBN 978-0385014809.. E.g. Penguin Books, 2016.
- A Man of the People. 1966. ISBN 978-0385086165.. E.g. Penguin Books, 1989.
- Anthills of the Savannah. 1987. ISBN 978-0385260459.. New York: Anchor Books, 1998.
Kratke priče
- Marriage Is a Private Affair (1952)
- Dead Men's Path (1953)
- The Sacrificial Egg and Other Stories (1953)
- Civil Peace (1971)
- -author=
- -author=
- -author=
- -author=
Poezija
- -author=
- -author=
- -author=
- Achebe, Chinua (2004). Collected Poems. Penguin Publishing. ISBN 9781400076581.
- Refugee Mother and Child
- Vultures
Eseji, kritike, politički komentari
- The Novelist as Teacher (1965)
- -author=
- -author=
- The Trouble With Nigeria. 1984. ISBN 9781561475.. Reissued by Fourth Dimension Publishing Co., 2000.
- -author=
- Home and Exile. 2000. ISBN 978-0385721332.. Penguine Books (reprint) 2001.
- The Education of a British-Protected Child. 2009. ISBN 978-0385667852.. Anchor Canada 2010.
- -author=
- -author=
Knjige za decu
- -author=
- -author=
- -author=
- -author=
Reference
уреди- ^ а б в Мишић, Милан, ур. (2005). Енциклопедија Британика. А-Б. Београд: Народна књига : Политика. стр. 91. ISBN 86-331-2075-5.
- ^ Ezenwa-Ohaeto, p. 6.
- ^ Franklin, Ruth. "After Empire: Chinua Achebe and the Great African Novel". The New Yorker, 26 May 2008. Приступљено 7 December 2010.
- ^ Ogbaa, p. xv.
- ^ Brucker, Carl (1992). „Chinua Achebe 1930–”. faculty.atu.edu. Архивирано из оригинала 27. 10. 2016. г. Приступљено 26. 10. 2016.
- ^ Amobi, Nnamdi Ken (13. 4. 2013). „Chinua Achebe: Ogidi man first, Ogidi man last”. Vanguard. Lagos. Приступљено 18. 1. 2014.
Literatura
уреди- Achebe, Chinua (1965). „English and the African Writer”. Transition. 18: 27—30. ISSN 0041-1191..
- Achebe, Chinua (1975). Morning Yet on Creation Day. London: Heinemann Educational Books. ISBN 978-0-435-18026-3..
- Achebe, Chinua (1989). Hopes and Impediments: Selected Essays. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-24730-6..
- Achebe, Chinua (1994). Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 978-0-385-47454-2..
- Agetua, John (ed.) (1977). Critics on Chinua Achebe, 1970–76. Benin City, Nigeria: Bendel Newspapers Corp.
- Azohu, Virginia "Culture and the Frontiers of Language". In Ihekweazu, Edith. Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5.. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC..
- Bestman, A. M. (2012). "Reading Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart through the Womanist lens: The imperative of the female principle". In C. Anyadike and K. A. Ayoola (eds), Blazing the Path: Fifty Years of Things Fall Apart (155–173). Ibadan: HEBN Publishers Plc.
- Bicknell, Catherine "Achebe's Women: Mothers, Priestesses, And Young Urban Professionals". In Ihekweazu, Edith, Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5.. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC..
- Booker, M. Keith; Gikandi, Simon (2003). The Chinua Achebe Encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-3-8255-0021-4..
- Clarke, Nana Ayebia, and James Currey (2014). Chinua Achebe: Tributes & Reflections. Banbury, Oxfordshire: Ayebia Clarke Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0956930767. .
- Corley, Í (2009). „Conjecture, hypermasculinity, and disavowal in Things Fall Apart”. Interventions. 11 (2): 203—211..
- Döring, Tobias (1996). Chinua Achebe und Joyce Cary. Ein postkoloniales Rewriting englischer Afrika-Fiktionen. Pfaffenweiler, Germany: Centaurus. ISBN 978-0-7618-1721-5..
- Egar, Emmanuel Edame (2000). The Rhetorical Implications of Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart". Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-1721-5..
- Egejuru, Phanuel "Orethory Okwu Oka: A Neglected Technique in Achebe's Literary Artistry". In Ihekweazu, Edith. Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5.. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC..
- Egejuru, Phanuel Akubueze (2001). Chinua Achebe: Pure and Simple, an Oral Biography. Stoke-on-Trent: Malthouse Press. ISBN 978-978-023-148-4..
- Ekwe-Ekwe, Herbert (2001). African Literature in Defence of History: An Essay on Chinua Achebe. Dakar: African Renaissance. ISBN 978-1-903625-10-1..
- Emenyonu, Ernest N. (1991). Petersen, Kirsten Holst, and Anna Rutherford, ур. Chinua Achebe: A Celebration. Oxford, England: Dangaroo Press. ISBN 978-0-435-08060-0. .
- Emenyonu, Ernest N. "Foreword: For Whom The Honour Is Due". In Ihekweazu, Edith. Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5.. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC..
- Emenyonu, Ernest N., ур. (2004). Emerging Perspectives on Chinua Achebe. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-0-86543-876-7. (v. 1). ISBN 978-0-86543-878-1. (v. 2).
- Ezenwa-Ohaeto (1997). Chinua Achebe: A Biography. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33342-1..
- Franklin, Ruth. "After Empire: Chinua Achebe and the Great African Novel". The New Yorker, 26 May 2008. Приступљено 7 December 2010.
- Gera, Anjali (2001). Three Great African Novelists. New Delhi: Creative Books. ISBN 978-81-86318-79-9..
- Gikandi, Simon (1991). Reading Chinua Achebe: Language and Ideology in Fiction. London: James Currey. ISBN 978-0-85255-527-9..
- „The 100 greatest non-fiction books”. The Guardian. 14. 6. 2011. Приступљено 22. 11. 2011.
- Innes, Catherine Lynette (1990). Chinua Achebe. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521356237.
- Innes, C. L., and Bernth Lindfors, ур. (1978). Critical Perspectives on Chinua Achebe. Washington: Three Continents Press. ISBN 978-0-914478-45-4. .
- Jaya Lakshmi, Rao V (2003). Culture and Anarchy in the Novels of Chinua Achebe. Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot..
- Jeyifo, B (1993). „Okonkwo and his mother: Things Fall Apart and issues of gender in the constitution of African postcolonial discourse”. Callaloo. 16 (4): 847—858..
- July, Robert W. (1987). An African Voice. Durham (NC): Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-0769-3..
- Killam, G. D. (1977). The Writings of Chinua Achebe. London: Heinemann Educational Books. ISBN 978-0-435-91665-7..
- Laurence, Margaret (2001). Long Drums and Cannons: Nigerian Dramatists and Novelists, 1952–1966. Alberta: University of Alberta Press. ISBN 978-0-88864-332-2..
- Lawtoo, Nidesh (2013). „A Picture of Africa: Frenzy, Counternarrative, Mimesis.”. Modern Fictions Studies. 59 (1): 26—52. 2013..
- Lindfors, Bernth (1982). Early Nigerian Literature. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-8419-0740-9..
- Mezu, Rose Ure (2006). Chinua Achebe: The Man and His Works. London: Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905068-21-0..
- Naydenova, Natalia, Salihou Camara (2013). Littérature africaine et identité: un hommage à Chinua Achebe. Paris: Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-343-01253-7. .
- Niven, Alistair (1991). „Chinua Achebe and the Possibility of Modern Tragedy”. Ур.: Petersen, Kirsten Holst, and Anna Rutherford, eds. Chinua Achebe: A Celebration. Oxford, England: Dangaroo Press. ISBN 978-0-435-08060-0. .
- Njoku, Benedict Chiaka (1984). The Four Novels of Chinua Achebe: A Critical Study. New York: P. Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-0154-6..
- Nnolim, Charles "The Artist in Search of The Right Leadership: Achebe As A Social Critic". In Ihekweazu, Edith. Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5.. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC..
- Ogbaa, Kalu (1999). Understanding Things Fall Apart. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-30294-7..
- Ogede, Ode (2001). Achebe and the Politics of Representation: Form Against Itself, From Colonial Conquest and Occupation to Post-Independence Disillusionment. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-0-86543-774-6..
- Ojinmah, Umelo (1991). Chinua Achebe: New Perspectives. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited. ISBN 978-978-2461-16-2..
- Okpewho, Isidore, ур. (2003). Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart": A Casebook. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514763-6..
- Petersen, Kirsten Holst; Rutherford, Anna (1991). Chinua Achebe: A Celebration. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-08060-0.
- Sallah, Tijan M.; Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (2003). Chinua Achebe, Teacher of Light: A Biography. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-1-59221-031-2..
- Shamim, Amna (2013). Colonial/Postcolonial Paradigms in Chinua Achebe's Novels (TFA & AOG). Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing. ISBN 978-3-659-35098-6..
- Tredell, Nicolas Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness. New York. Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness. Columbia University Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-231-11923-8..
- Udumukwu, O. "Violence against Achebe's women: Onkonkwo and 'The Gun that Never Shot'". In Helen Chukwuma (ed.), Achebe's Women: Imagism and Power. Trenton: Africa World Press. 2012. (201–221).
- Yankson, Kofi E (1990). Chinua Achebe's Novels: A Sociolinguistic Perspective. Pacific Publishers. ISBN 978-978-2347-79-4.. Uruowulu-Obosi, Nigeria. .
- Yousaf, Nahem (2003). Chinua Achebe. Tavistock: Northcote House in Association with the British Council. ISBN 978-0-7463-0885-1..
Spoljašnje veze
уреди- Chinua Achebe Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (8. јул 2013) reads the first two chapters of Things Fall Apart at PEN American Center Event: Faith & Reason: Writers Speak Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (24. септембар 2015), 2006
- "A Tribute to Chinua Achebe" Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (24. септембар 2015) from PEN American Center, 2008
- Chinua Achebe на сајту ISFDb (језик: енглески)
- "Chinua Achebe: The Spirit Lives". Tribute to Chinua Achebe by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Leeds African Studies Bulletin 75 (Winter 2013/14), pp. 51–53.
- Ed Pilkington, "A long way from home". Interview in The Guardian, 10 July 2007
- "Chinua Achebe, The Art of Fiction No. 139". Interview by Jerome Brooks in The Paris Review, 1994
- Guide to Chinua Achebe papers at Houghton Library, Harvard University
- FBI file on Chinua Achebe at the Internet Archive
- Chinua Achebe facts in Hindi
- Chinua Achebe на сајту LCCN, са 78 каталошких евиденција