Adi Šankara
(преусмерено са Adi Shankara)
Adi Šankaračarja (Sanskrit: आदि शङ्कराआचार्य }) bio je indijski filozof i teolog iz 8. veka[2] koji je konsolidovao doktrine Advajta Vedanta.[1][3][note 1] On je zaslužan za objedinjavanje i uspostavljanje glavnih tokova misli u hinduizmu.[5][6]Christophe Jaffrelot (1998). The Hindu Nationalist Movement in India. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10335-0.. Quote: "The main current of Hinduism – if not the only one – which became formalized in a way that approximates to an ecclesiastical structure was that of Shankara".</ref>
| Adi Šankara | |
|---|---|
 Adi Šankara sa sledbenicima, rad Raža Ravi Varme (1904) | |
| Ime po rođenju | Šankara |
| Datum rođenja | 788.[1] |
| Mesto rođenja | Kaladi sadašnji Kočin, Kerala Indija |
| Datum smrti | 820.[1] (starost 32) |
| Mesto smrti | Kedarnat sadašnji Utarakand Indija |
| Prebivalište | Indija |
| Državljanstvo | indijsko |
| Zanimanje | filozof i teolog |
Njegovi radovi na sanskrtu raspravljaju o jedinstvu atmana i Nirgune Brahmana „brahmana bez atributa”.[7] On je napisao bogate komentare o vedskom kanonu (Brahma Sutras, glavnim Upanišadima i Bhagavadgiti) u prilog svojoj tezi.[8] Njegova dela obrađuju ideje pronađene u Upanišadima. Šankarove publikacije su kritikovale ritualno orijentisanu školu hinduizma Mimamsa.[9] On je takođe objasnio ključnu razliku između hinduizma i budizma, navodeći da hinduizam tvrdi da „Atman (duša, ja) postoji”, dok budizam tvrdi da „nema duše, nema sebstva”.[10][11][12]
Šankara je putovao širom Indijskog potkontinenta kako bi propagirao svoju filozofiju kroz diskurse i debate sa drugim misliocima. On je uspostavio važnost monaškog života kakav je sankcionisan u Upanišadima i Brahma Sutri, u vremenu kada je škola Mimamsa uspostavila strogi ritual i ismejavala monaštvo. Smatra se da je on osnovao četiri matasa („manastira”), koji su pomogli u istorijskom razvoju, oživljavanju i širenju Advajta Vedante, te je poznat kao najveći revivalista.[13] Smatra se da je Adi Šankara organizator monaškog reda Dašanami i da je objedinio tradiciju Šanmata. On je poznat i kao Adi Šankaračarija, Šankara Bagavatpada, (Ādi) Śaṅkarācārya, Śaṅkara Bhagavatpāda i Śaṅkara Bhagavatpādācārya.
Napomene
уредиReference
уреди- ^ а б в Sharma 1962, стр. vi.
- ^ „Shankara | Indian philosopher”. Encyclopedia Britannica.
- ^ а б в Comans 2000, стр. 163.
- ^ Y. Keshava Menon, The Mind of Adi Shankaracharya 1976 pp. 108
- ^ Johannes de Kruijf and Ajaya Sahoo (2014). Indian Transnationalism Online: New Perspectives on Diaspora. Ashgate Publishing. стр. 105. ISBN 978-1-4724-1913-2.. Quote: "In other words, according to Adi Shankara's argument, the philosophy of Advaita Vedanta stood over and above all other forms of Hinduism and encapsulated them. This then united Hinduism; (...) Another of Adi Shankara's important undertakings which contributed to the unification of Hinduism was his founding of a number of monastic centers."
- ^ Hoiberg, Dale (2000). Shankara. Popular Prakashan. стр. 379. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5.. Student's Encyclopedia Britannia – India , Volume 4, Encyclopaedia Britannica Publishing. . isbn=978-0-231-10335-0. 2000. стр. 2. Недостаје или је празан параметар
|title=(помоћ) , Quote: "Shankaracharya, philosopher and theologian, most renowned exponent of the Advaita Vedanta school of philosophy, from whose doctrines the main currents of modern Indian thought are derived.";
David Crystal (2004), The Penguin Encyclopedia, Penguin Books, pp. 1353, Quote: "[Shankara] is the most famous exponent of Advaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy and the source of the main currents of modern Hindu thought." - ^ Sri Adi Shankaracharya, Sringeri Sharada Peetham, India
- ^ Pattanaik, Devdutt (19. 9. 2016). „How Adi Shankaracharya united a fragmented land with philosophy, poetry and pilgrimage”. Scroll.in.
- ^ Chattopadhyaya, Shyama Kumar (2000). The Philosophy of Sankar's Advaita Vedanta. Sarup & Sons. ISBN 978-81-7625-222-5.. Sarup & Sons, New Delhi. ISBN 81-7625-222-0
- ^ Edward Roer (Translator), to Brihad Aranyaka Upanishad. Shankara's Introduction на сајту Гугл књиге
- ^ Edward Roer (Translator) (1908). „Shankara's Introduction”. Brihad Aranyaka Upanishad. стр. 3. OCLC 19373677. Пронађени су сувишни параметри:
|pages=и|page=(помоћ) - ^ KN Jayatilleke , Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge (2010). Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge. Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. стр. 246—249. ISBN 978-81-208-0619-1.. from note 385 onwards;
Steven Collins , Religion and Practical Reason (Editors: Frank Reynolds, David Tracy), State University of New York Press. {{cite book|author= |title= Religion and Practical Reason: New Essays in the Comparative Philosophy of Religions|location=Pali: anattā, Sanskrit |publisher=anātman, the opposed doctrine of year=1994 |isbn=978-0-7914-2217-5|pages=64}}. Quote: "Central to Buddhist soteriology is the doctrine of not-self|ātman is central to Brahmanical thought). Put very briefly, this is the [Buddhist] doctrine that human beings have no soul, no self, no unchanging essence.";
Edward Roer (Translator), Shankara's Introduction на сајту Гугл књиге]
Katie Javanaud (2013), Is The Buddhist 'No-Self' Doctrine Compatible With Pursuing Nirvana?, Philosophy Now;
John C (1993). Global History of Philosophy. Plott et al. (2000), Global History of Philosophy: The Axial Age, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass. стр. 63. ISBN 978-81-208-0158-5.. Quote: "The Buddhist schools reject any Ātman concept. As we have already observed, this is the basic and ineradicable distinction between Hinduism and Buddhism". - ^ Chopra, Deepak (2006). The Seven Spiritual Laws of Yoga. Winsome Books India. стр. 13. ISBN 978-81-265-0696-5.. Deepak Chopra, , . New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2006. стр. 13. ISBN 81-265-0696-2. Недостаје или је празан параметар
|title=(помоћ)
Literatura
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- Doniger, Wendy (1999). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions. Merriam-Webster. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0.
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- Nath, Vijay (2001). „From 'Brahmanism' to 'Hinduism': Negotiating the Myth of the Great Tradition”. Social Scientist. 29 (3/4): 19—50. JSTOR 3518337. doi:10.2307/3518337.
- Pande, G.C. (2011). Life and Thought of Śaṅkarācārya. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1104-1.
- Pandey, S.L. (2000). „Pre-Sankara Advaita. In: Chattopadhyana (gen.ed.), "History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization. Volume II Part 2: Advaita Vedanta"”. Delhi: Centre for Studies in Civilizations.
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- Pradhavananda; Isherwood, Christopher (1978). Shankara's Crest-Jewel of Discrimination. USA: Vedanta Press. ISBN 978-0-87481-038-7.
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- Shetty, V.T. Rajshekar (2002). „Caste, a nation within the nation: recipe for a bloodless revolution”. Books for Change.
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- White, David Gordon (2000). Introduction. In: Tantra in practice. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
- Ingalls, Daniel H.H. (1954). „Śaṁkara's Arguments against the Buddhists”. Philosophy East and West. 3 (4): 291—306. JSTOR 1397287. doi:10.2307/1397287. Архивирано из оригинала 28. 06. 2011. г. Приступљено 25. 11. 2019.
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- Mishra, Parameshwar Nath, "Amit Kalrekha", 3 vols. (in Hindi), Howrah Samskriti Rakshak Parishad, West Bengal.
- Succession of Shankaracharyas (a chronology) Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (1. новембар 2019) (from Gaudapada onwards)
- Reigle, David (2001). „The Original Sankaracarya” (PDF). Fohat. 5 (3): 57—60, 70—71.
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- "Sri Shankaracharya in Cambodia..?" by S. Srikanta Sastri
- Navone, J.J. (1956). „Sankara and the Vedic Tradition”. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 17 (2): 248—255. JSTOR 2104222. doi:10.2307/2104222.
- Biderman, Shlomo (1978). „Śankara and the Buddhists”. Journal of Indian Philosophy. 6 (4). doi:10.1007/BF00218430.
- Rukmani, T.S. (2003). „Dr. Richard de Smet and Sankara's Advaita”. Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies. 16. doi:10.7825/2164-6279.1295
. - A Questioning Approach: Learning from Sankara's Pedagogic Techniques Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (30. септембар 2016), Jacqueline Hirst. Contemporary Education Dialogue. 2 (2): 137—169. Недостаје или је празан параметар
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Spoljašnje veze
уреди
- Adi Shankara на сајту Пројекат Гутенберг (језик: енглески)
- Adi Šankara на сајту Curlie (језик: енглески)
- Adi Šankara на сајту Internet Archive (језик: енглески)
- Majors works of Adi Sankara Volumes 1–20, (Sanskrit and English Translations)
- A Note on the date of Sankara (Adi Sankaracharya) Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (26. октобар 2020) by S. Srikanta Sastri