Источни блок
Источни блок, ређе Комунистички блок или Совјетски блок, назив је који се користи за групу комунистичких држава која је у другој половини 20. века постојала у данашњој централној и источној Европи. Чинио га је Совјетски Савез и државе где су у неколико година након завршетка Другог светског рата успостављени социјалистички или просовјетски режими — Пољска, Чехословачка, Мађарска, Румунија, Бугарска те Немачка Демократска Република (настала од совјетске окупационе зоне у пораженој Немачкој).[1][2][3][4][5]
Блоку су од почетка припадале и Југославија и Албанија, али су обе изашле из Источног блока - Југославија због раскола Тита са Стаљином 1948. године, а Албанија зато што се током кинеско-совјетског раскола определила за маоистичку НР Кину.
Блок је у формалном смислу био организован преко економске организације Савет за узајамну економску помоћ (СЕВ), успостављене 1949. године, те војне организације Варшавског пакта, успостављене 1955. године.
Престанак постојања
уредиБлок је де факто престао да постоји након револуција 1989. године, када су у земљама источне Европе успостављени антисовјетски и антикомунистички режими, односно непосредно пред распад Совјетског Савеза 1991. године.
Проширено значење
уредиПонекад се у Источни блок убрајају и неевропске земље које су током Хладног рата биле у чврстом политичком савезу, односно идеолошки блиске Совјетском Савезу, као што су Вијетнам, Куба, Јужни Јемен и Етиопија. За њих се понекад користи израз Други свет.
Види још
уредиРеференце
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- ^ Haggett, Peter, Encyclopedia of World Geography, Marshall Cavendish. 2001. ISBN 0-7614-7289-4. стр. 1,850..
- ^ Rees, G. Wyn. International Politics in Europe: The New Agenda, Routledge. 1993. ISBN 0-415-08282-X. стр. 6..
- ^ Satyendra, Kush (2003), Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Political Science, Sarup & Sons, стр. 65, ISBN 978-81-7890-071-1, „"the countries of Eastern Europe under communism"”
- ^ Compare: Janzen, Jörg; Taraschewski, Thomas (2009). Shahshahānī, Suhaylā, ур. Cities of Pilgrimage. Iuaes-series. 4. Münster: LIT Verlag. стр. 190. ISBN 9783825816186. Архивирано из оригинала 5. 9. 2015. г. „Until 1990, despite being a formally independent state, Mongolia had de facto been an integral part of the Soviet-dominated Eastern Bloc.”
Литература
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- Krasnov, Vladislav (1985), Soviet Defectors: The KGB Wanted List, Hoover Press, ISBN 978-0-8179-8231-7
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- Lipschitz, Leslie; McDonald, Donogh (1990), German unification: economic issues , International Monetary Fund, ISBN 978-1-55775-200-0
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- Miller, Roger Gene (2000), To Save a City: The Berlin Airlift, 1948–1949, Texas A&M University Press, ISBN 978-0-89096-967-0
- Miscamble, Wilson D. (2007), From Roosevelt to Truman: Potsdam, Hiroshima, and the Cold War, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-86244-8
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- O'Connor, Kevin (2003), The history of the Baltic States, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-313-32355-3
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- Pearson, Raymond (1998), The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire, Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-312-17407-1
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- Roberts, Geoffrey (2006), Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953, Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-11204-7
- Shirer, William L. (1990), The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany, Simon and Schuster, ISBN 978-0-671-72868-7
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- Taagepera, Rein (1993), Estonia: Return to Independence, Westview Press, ISBN 978-0-8133-1703-8
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Спољашње везе
уреди
- „Photographs of Russia in 1967”. Архивирано из оригинала 31. 1. 2008. г.
- Candid photos of the Eastern Bloc September–December 1991, in the last months of the USSR
- Photographic project "Eastern Bloc" "Eastern Bloc" examines the specificities and differences of living in totalitarian and post totalitarian countries. The project is divided into chapters, each dedicated to one of the Eastern European countries—Slovak Republic, Poland, ex-GDR, Hungary, Czech Republic and ex-Yugoslavia.
- RFE/RL East German Subject Files Open Society Archives, Budapest
- The Lives of Others official website
- RFE Czechoslovak Unit Open Society Archives, Budapest
- Museum of occupations of Estonia – Project by the Kistler-Ritso Estonian Foundation
- Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against HumanityАрхивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (1. март 2013)
- Gallery of events from Poznań 1956 protests
- OSA Digital Archive Videos of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution
- RADIO FREE EUROPE Research, RAD Background Report/29: (Hungary) 20 October 1981, A CHRONOLOGY OF THE HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION, 23–4 October November 1956, compiled by RAD/Hungarian Section-Published accounts
- Chronology Of Events Leading To The 1968 Czechoslovakia Invasion
- Solidarity, Freedom and Economical Crisis in Poland, 1980–81 Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (8. март 2011)
- „The Berlin Airlift”. American Experience. Приступљено 5. 3. 2007. – A PBS site on the context and history of the Berlin Airlift.
- „1961 JFK speech clarifying limits of American protection during the 1961 Berlin Wall crisis”. Архивирано из оригинала 19. 2. 2006. г.
- „Berlin 1983: Berlin and the Wall in the early 1980s”. Архивирано из оригинала 28. 9. 2007. г.
- The Lives of Others official website
- The Lost Border: Photographs of the Iron Curtain
- "Symbols in Transition" Documentary film regarding the post-89 handling of the political symbols and buildings of eastern Europe