Википедија

Gotlob Frege

Немачки филозоф, логичар и математичар (1848–1925)

Fridrih Ludvig Gotlob Frege (nem. Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege; Vizmar, 8. novembar 1848 — Bad Klajnen, 26. jul 1925), nemački matematičar, logičar i filozof. Jedan je od osnivača moderne matematičke logike i analitičke filozofije.[15] Smatra se jednim od najvećih logičara svih vremena.

Gotlob Frege
Gotlob Frege
Lični podaci
Puno imeFridrih Ludvig Gotlob Frege
Datum rođenja(1848-11-08)8. novembar 1848.
Mesto rođenjaVizmar, Nemačka konfederacija
Datum smrti26. jul 1925.(1925-07-26) (76 god.)
Mesto smrtiBad Klajnen, Nemačka
ObrazovanjeUniverzitet Fridrih Šiler, Univerzitet u Getingenu
Naučni rad
PoljeAnalitička filozofija
Lingvistički obrt
Logički objektivizam
Moderni platonizam[1]
Logicizam
Transcendentalni idealizam[2][3] (pre 1891.)
Metafizički realizam[3] (posle 1891)
Fundacionalizam[4]
Indirektni realizam[5]
Redundantna teorija istine[6]
MentoriImanuel Kant, Kuno Fišer, Bruno Bauh,[7] Fridrih Adolf Trendelenburg,[8] Herman Loce,[8] Oto Libman,[9] Beno Keri,[10] Ernst Abe, Dejvid Hjum, G. V. Lajbnic, Bernard Bolcano[11]
Poznat po
 

Biografija

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Najveći deo svoje naučne karijere proveo je na Univerzitetu u Jeni. Držao je predavanja iz mnogih oblasti matematike, kao na primer iz analitičke geometrije, diferencijalnih jednačina, mehanike, iako je većina njegovih radova vezanih za matematiku u okviru logike. Njegovi najznačajniji radovi su iz oblasti logike, filozofije matematike i filozofije jezika. Frege je rekao: „Svaki dobar matematičar je makar upola filozof, a svaki dobar filozof je makar upola matematičar.“

Godine 1879, Frege je konstruisao prvu varijantu predikatskog računa. Ona je veoma slična onoj koja se danas koristi, mada Frege koristi drugačiju notaciju. Fregeovo otkriće kvantifikatora koji vezuju promenljive, smatra se jednim od najvećih otkrića devetnaestog veka.

Frege je želeo da pokaže da je celu matematiku moguće svesti na logiku, ali u tome nije uspeo. Razvio je specifičnu filozofiju jezika, koju i danas mnogi filozofi smatraju veoma značajnom. Zahvaljujući Bertrandu Raselu Fregeova filozofijaje ostvarila izuzetan uticaj na rani razvoj analitičke filozofije u anglo-saksonskom govornom području. Njegov rad je imao središnji uticaj na filozofske radove Majkla Dameta, jednog od najistaknutijih britanskih filozofa druge polovine 20. veka.

Značajni radovi

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Logika, osnova aritmetike

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Begriffsschrift: eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens (1879), Halle an der Saale: Verlag von Louis Nebert (online version).

  • In English: Begriffsschrift, a Formula Language, Modeled Upon That of Arithmetic, for Pure Thought, in: J. van Heijenoort (ed.), From Frege to Gödel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879-1931, Harvard, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967, pp. 5–82.
  • In English (selected sections revised in modern formal notation): R. L. Mendelsohn, The Philosophy of Gottlob Frege, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005: "Appendix A. Begriffsschrift in Modern Notation: (1) to (51)" and "Appendix B. Begriffsschrift in Modern Notation: (52) to (68)."[a]

Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik: Eine logisch-mathematische Untersuchung über den Begriff der Zahl (1884), Breslau: Verlag von Wilhelm Koebner (online version).

Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, Band I (1893); Band II (1903), Jena: Verlag Hermann Pohle (online version).

  • In English (translation of selected sections), "Translation of Part of Frege's Grundgesetze der Arithmetik" translated and edited Peter Geach and Max Black in Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege, New York, NY: Philosophical Library, 1952, pp. 137–158.
  • In German (revised in modern formal notation): Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, Korpora (portal of the University of Duisburg-Essen), 2006: Band I Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (21. oktobar 2016) and Band II Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (29. август 2017).
  • In German (revised in modern formal notation): Grundgesetze der Arithmetik – Begriffsschriftlich abgeleitet. Band I und II: In moderne Formelnotation transkribiert und mit einem ausführlichen Sachregister versehen, edited by T. Müller, B. Schröder, and R. Stuhlmann-Laeisz, Paderborn: mentis, 2009.
  • In English: Basic Laws of Arithmetic, translated and edited with an introduction by Philip A. Ebert and Marcus Rossberg. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-19-928174-9..

Filozofske studije

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"Function and Concept" (1891)

  • Original: "Funktion und Begriff", an address to the Jenaische Gesellschaft für Medizin und Naturwissenschaft, Jena, 9 January 1891.
  • In English: "Function and Concept".

"On Sense and Reference" (1892)

"Concept and Object" (1892)

  • Original: "Ueber Begriff und Gegenstand", in Vierteljahresschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie XVI (1892): 192–205.
  • In English: "Concept and Object".

"What is a Function?" (1904)

  • Original: "Was ist eine Funktion?", in Festschrift Ludwig Boltzmann gewidmet zum sechzigsten Geburtstage, 20 February 1904, S. Meyer (ed.), Leipzig, 1904, pp. 656–666.[16]
  • In English: "What is a Function?".
  • Logical Investigations (1918–1923). Frege intended that the following three papers be published together in a book titled Logische Untersuchungen (Logical Investigations). Though the German book never appeared, the papers were published together in Logische Untersuchungen, ed. G. Patzig, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1966, and English translations appeared together in Logical Investigations, ed. Peter Geach, Blackwell, 1975.
  • 1918–19. "Der Gedanke: Eine logische Untersuchung" ("The Thought: A Logical Inquiry"), in Beiträge zur Philosophie des Deutschen Idealismus I:[b] 58–77.
  • 1918–19. "Die Verneinung" ("Negation") in Beiträge zur Philosophie des Deutschen Idealismus I: 143–157.
  • 1923. "Gedankengefüge" ("Compound Thought"), in Beiträge zur Philosophie des Deutschen Idealismus III: 36–51.

Članci o geometriji

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  • 1903: "Über die Grundlagen der Geometrie". II. Jahresbericht der deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung XII (1903), 368–375.
    • In English: "On the Foundations of Geometry".
  • 1967: Kleine Schriften. (I. Angelelli, ed.). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1967 and Hildesheim, G. Olms, 1967. "Small Writings" a collection of most of his writings (e.g., the previous), posthumously published.

Napomene

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  1. ^ Only the proofs of Part II of the Begriffsschrift are rewritten in modern notation in this work. Partial rewriting of the proofs of Part III is included in Boolos, George, „Reading the Begriffsschrift”. Mind. 94 (375): 331—344.  (1985).
  2. ^ The journal Beiträge zur Philosophie des Deutschen Idealismus was the organ of Deutsche Philosophische Gesellschaft (de).

Reference

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  1. ^ Balaguer, Mark (25. 7. 2016). Zalta, Edward N., ur. Platonism in Metaphysics. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University — preko Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 
  2. ^ Sluga, Hans D. (1977). „Frege's alleged realism”. Inquiry. 20 (1–4): 227—242. doi:10.1080/00201747708601832. 
  3. ^ a b Michael Resnik. Resnik, Michael D. (1979). „II. Frege as Idealist and then Realist”. Inquiry. 22 (1–4): 350—357. doi:10.1080/00201747908601884. |title=Frege as Idealist and then Realist}} Inquiry 22 (1–4):350–357 (1979).
  4. ^ Tom Rockmore, On Foundationalism: A Strategy for Metaphysical Realism, Rowman & Littlefield, 2004, p. 111.
  5. ^ Frege criticized direct realism in his "Über Sinn und Bedeutung" (see Samuel Lebens, Bertrand Russell and the Nature of Propositions: A History and Defence of the Multiple Relation Theory of Judgement, Routledge, 2017, p. 34).
  6. ^ a b Truth – Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy; The Deflationary Theory of Truth (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).
  7. ^ Hans Sluga (1980), Gottlob Frege, Routledge, pp. 53ff.
  8. ^ a b Robert Boyce Brandom, "Frege's Technical Concepts", in Haaparanta, L.; Hintikka, Jaakko (30. 4. 1986). Frege Synthesized: Essays on the Philosophical and Foundational Work of G. Frege. Springer. ISBN 9789027721266. , L. Haaparanta and J. Hintikka, Synthese Library, D. Reidel, 1986, pp. 253–295
  9. ^ Gottfried Gabriel, "Frege, Lotze, and the Continental Roots of Early Analytic Philosophy" in: Erich H. Reck (ed.). From Frege to Wittgenstein: Perspectives on Early Analytic Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 39–51, esp. 44–48.
  10. ^ Tom Ricketts, Michael Potter, The Cambridge Companion to Frege, Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 179.
  11. ^ Sundholm, B. G., "When, and why, did Frege read Bolzano?", LOGICA Yearbook 1999, 164–174 (2000).
  12. ^ Gottlob Frege, Grundgesetze der Arithmetik I, Jena: Verlag Hermann Pohle, 1893, §36.
  13. ^ Willard Van Orman Quine, introduction to Moses Schönfinkel's "Bausteine der mathematischen Logik", pp. 355–357, esp. 355. Translated by Stefan Bauer-Mengelberg as "On the building blocks of mathematical logic" in Jean van Heijenoort (1967), A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879–1931. Harvard University Press, pp. 355–66.
  14. ^ Gottlob Frege, The Foundations of Arithmetic, Northwestern University Press, 1980, p. 87.
  15. ^ Wehmeier, Kai F. (2006). „Frege, Gottlob”. Ur.: Borchert, Donald M. Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 3 (2 izd.). Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 0-02-866072-2. 
  16. ^ Festschrift Ludwig Boltzmann gewidmet zum sechzigsten geburtstage 20. Februar 1904. Mit einem portrait, 101 abbildungen im text und 2 tafeln. Leipzig, J.A. Barth. 1904. 

Literatura

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  • Janičić, Predrag (2004). Matematička logika u računarstvu. Beograd: Matematički fakultet. ISBN 978-86-7589-040-9. .
  • Online bibliography of Frege's works and their English translations (compiled by Edward N. Zalta, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).
  • 1879. Begriffsschrift, eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens. Halle a. S.: Louis Nebert. Translation: Concept Script, a formal language of pure thought modelled upon that of arithmetic, by S. Bauer-Mengelberg in Jean Van Heijenoort, ed., 1967. From Frege to Gödel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879–1931. Harvard University Press.
  • 1884. Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik: Eine logisch-mathematische Untersuchung über den Begriff der Zahl. Breslau: W. Koebner. Translation: J. L. Austin, 1974. The Foundations of Arithmetic: A Logico-Mathematical Enquiry into the Concept of Number, 2nd ed. Blackwell.
  • 1891. "Funktion und Begriff." Translation: "Function and Concept" in Geach and Black (1980).
  • 1892a. "Über Sinn und Bedeutung" in . Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik. 100: 25—50.  Nedostaje ili je prazan parametar |title= (pomoć). Translation: "On Sense and Reference" in Geach and Black (1980).
  • 1892b. "Ueber Begriff und Gegenstand" in . Vierteljahresschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie. 16: 192—205.  Nedostaje ili je prazan parametar |title= (pomoć). Translation: "Concept and Object" in Geach and Black (1980).
  • 1893. Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, Band I. Jena: Verlag Hermann Pohle. Band II, 1903. Band I+II online Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (17. jun 2022). Partial translation of volume 1: Montgomery Furth, 1964. The Basic Laws of Arithmetic. University of California Press. Translation of selected sections from volume 2 in Geach and Black (1980). Complete translation of both volumes: Philip A. Ebert and Marcus Rossberg, 2013, Basic Laws of Arithmetic. Oxford University Press.
  • 1904. "Was ist eine Funktion?" in Meyer, S., ed., 1904. Festschrift Ludwig Boltzmann gewidmet zum sechzigsten Geburtstage, 20. Februar 1904. Leipzig: Barth: 656–666. Translation: "What is a Function?" in Geach and Black (1980).
  • 1918–1923. Peter Geach (editor): Logical Investigations, Blackwell, 1975.
  • 1924. Gottfried Gabriel, Wolfgang Kienzler (editors): Gottlob Freges politisches Tagebuch. In: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie, vol. 42, 1994, pp. 1057–98. Introduction by the editors on pp. 1057–66. This article has been translated into English, in: Inquiry, vol. 39, 1996, pp. 303–342.
  • Peter Geach and Max Black, eds., and trans., 1980. Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege, 3rd ed. Blackwell (1st ed. 1952).
  • Badiou, Alain. "On a Contemporary Usage of Frege", trans. Justin Clemens and Sam Gillespie. UMBR(a), no. 1, 2000, pp. 99–115.
  • Baker, Gordon, and P.M.S. Hacker, 1984. Frege: Logical Excavations. Oxford University Press. — Vigorous, if controversial, criticism of both Frege's philosophy and influential contemporary interpretations such as Dummett's.
  • Currie, Gregory, 1982. Frege: An Introduction to His Philosophy. Harvester Press.
  • Dummett, Michael, 1973. Frege: Philosophy of Language. Harvard University Press.
  • ------, 1981. The Interpretation of Frege's Philosophy. Harvard University Press.
  • Hill, Claire Ortiz, 1991. Word and Object in Husserl, Frege and Russell: The Roots of Twentieth-Century Philosophy. Athens OH: Ohio University Press.
  • ------, and Rosado Haddock, G. E., 2000. Husserl or Frege: Meaning, Objectivity, and Mathematics. Open Court. — On the Frege-Husserl-Cantor triangle.
  • Kenny, Anthony, 1995. Frege – An introduction to the founder of modern analytic philosophy. Penguin Books. — Excellent non-technical introduction and overview of Frege's philosophy.
  • Klemke, E.D., ed., 1968. Essays on Frege. University of Illinois Press. — 31 essays by philosophers, grouped under three headings: 1. Ontology; 2. Semantics; and 3. Logic and Philosophy of Mathematics.
  • Rosado Haddock, Guillermo E., 2006. A Critical Introduction to the Philosophy of Gottlob Frege. Ashgate Publishing.
  • Sisti, Nicola, 2005. Il Programma Logicista di Frege e il Tema delle Definizioni. Franco Angeli. — On Frege's theory of definitions.
  • Sluga, Hans, 1980. Gottlob Frege. Routledge.
  • Nicla Vassallo, 2014, Frege on Thinking and Its Epistemic Significance with Pieranna Garavaso, Lexington Books–Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD, Usa.
  • Weiner, Joan, 1990. Frege in Perspective, Cornell University Press.
  • Anderson, D. J., and Edward Zalta, 2004, "Frege, Boolos, and Logical Objects" Journal of Philosophical Logic 33: 1–26.
  • Blanchette, Patricia, 2012, Frege's Conception of Logic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012
  • Burgess, John, 2005. Fixing Frege. Princeton Univ. Press. — A critical survey of the ongoing rehabilitation of Frege's logicism.
  • Boolos, George, 1998. Logic, Logic, and Logic. MIT Press. — 12 papers on Frege's theorem and the logicist approach to the foundation of arithmetic.
  • Dummett, Michael, 1991. Frege: Philosophy of Mathematics. Harvard University Press.
  • Demopoulos, William, ed., 1995. Frege's Philosophy of Mathematics. Harvard Univ. Press. — Papers exploring Frege's theorem and Frege's mathematical and intellectual background.
  • Ferreira, F. and Wehmeier, K., 2002, "On the consistency of the Delta-1-1-CA fragment of Frege's Grundgesetze" Journal of Philosophic Logic 31: 301–11.
  • Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, 2000. The Search for Mathematical Roots 1870–1940. Princeton University Press. — Fair to the mathematician, less so to the philosopher.
  • Gillies, Donald A., 1982. Frege, Dedekind, and Peano on the foundations of arithmetic. Methodology and Science Foundation, 2. Van Gorcum & Co., Assen, 1982.
  • Gillies, Donald: The Fregean revolution in logic. Revolutions in mathematics, 265–305, Oxford Sci. Publ., Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1992.
  • Irvine, Andrew D. (2010). „Frege on Number Properties”. Studia Logica. 96 (2): 239—60. S2CID 28834863. doi:10.1007/s11225-010-9285-z. .
  • Charles Parsons, 1965, "Frege's Theory of Number." Reprinted with Postscript in Demopoulos (1965): 182–210. The starting point of the ongoing sympathetic reexamination of Frege's logicism.
  • Gillies, Donald: The Fregean revolution in logic. Revolutions in mathematics, 265–305, Oxford Sci. Publ., Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1992.
  • Heck, Richard Kimberly: Frege's Theorem. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011
  • Heck, Richard Kimberly: Reading Frege's Grundgesetze. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013
  • Wright, Crispin, 1983. Frege's Conception of Numbers as Objects. Aberdeen University Press. — A systematic exposition and a scope-restricted defense of Frege's Grundlagen conception of numbers.
  • Everdell, William R. (1997), The First Moderns: Profiles in the Origins of Twentieth Century Thought, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 9780226224848 

Spoljašnje veze

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