Đovani Lorenco Bernini
Đovani Lorenco Bernini (ital. Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini;[1][2][3][4] Napulj, 7. decembar 1598 — Rim, 28. novembar 1680) je bio italijanski barokni umetnik, vajar i značajan predstavnik baroka u arhitekturi Rima.[5] Kao arhitekta, on je imao nekoliko suparnika od kojih je najznačajniji bio Frančesko Boromini. A kao vajar Bernini je bio bez stvarnog suparnika.
| Đovani Lorenco Bernini | |
|---|---|
 autoportret iz 1623. | |
| Lični podaci | |
| Datum rođenja | 7. decembar 1598. |
| Mesto rođenja | Napulj, Napuljska kraljevina |
| Datum smrti | 28. novembar 1680. (81 god.) |
| Mesto smrti | Rim, Papska država |
Počeci
urediĐovani Lorenco Bernini se rodio u Napulju kao sin slikara i skulptora Pijetra Berninija, poreklom Firentinca, kod koga je izučio skulptorski zanat.[6] Bernini je već u ranoj mladosti postao očev stvarni saradnik.[7] Pretpostavlja se da je 1605. godine, sa svojim ocem prešao u Rim gde se za darovitog dečka naročito zainteresovao Mafeo Barberini, budući papa Urban VIII.[8] I stvarno, čim je stupio na papski presto, on je Berninija uzeo u svoju službu.[9] Bernini je već sa nepunih 25 godina, svojim zaslugama na papskom dvoru bio nagrađen ordenom Hrista i titulom viteza. Prva zvanja su mu bila direktor livnice Sant Anđela i inspektor fontana na trgu Navone, zatim postaje glavni arhitekta crkve Sv. Petra, dakle, centralna figura u umetničkom svetu Rima, a ubrzo i najčuveniji umetnik u celoj Evropi.[10] Najmoćnije ličnosti obraćale su mu se sa najvećim laskanjem i skoro ponizno, kad su tražile da im on izradi portret (Rišelje, engleski kralj Čarls I).
Pismo koje mu Luj XIV šalje po specijalnom izaslaniku pozivajući ga u Francusku, takvo je „kao da se neka velika sila obraća drugoj velikoj sili." Luj ga je pozvao 1665. godine da projektuje Luvr. Do ostvarenja projekta nije došlo mada je Bernini primljen u Francuskoj sa najdubljim poštovanjem.[11]
Arhitektonska dela
uredi
Bernini je u Rimu sagradio niz građevina koje su znatno doprinele specifičnom izgledu ovog grada. Najčuvenija dela su mu crkva Sant Andreja na Kvirinalu, kolonada pred crkvom Sv. Petra u Rimu, Skala Ređa (kraljevske stepenice) u Vatikanu.
Skulptorska dela
urediOd njegovih skulptorskih dela iz mladosti čuveni su komadi koje je radio po narudžbini kardinala Šipiona Borgezea (ital. Scipione Borghese), a to su David, Enoj nosi svog oca Anhiza, Otmica Prozerpine i Apolon i Dafne. David nameće poređenje sa istimenim skulpturama od Donatela, Verokija i Mikelanđela, sa kojima spada u isti rang i po obradi i po snazi i po originalnosti. Dok su sve tri ranije statue tretirane statično, Bernini, kao pravi barokni vajar, bira sam momenat kada David poteže kamenom iz praćke.[12]
Naročito je karakteristična za stil zrelog baroka čuvena grupa Ekstaza Sv. Tereze koja ukrašava oltarsku nišu u crkvi Santa Marija dela Vitorija u Rimu.
Bernini je takođe izveo niz skulptorskih i arhitektonsko-dekorativnih radova u unutrašnjosti Crkve Sv. Petra. To su pompezna Stolica Sv. Petra, koju nose četiri apostola, Statua Sv. Longina, kao i jedan deo statua na kolonadi pred crkvom.
U dekor Crkve Sv. Petra spadaju i njegovi čuveni nadgrobni spomenici papa Urbana VIII i Aleksandra VII.
Galerija
uredi-
Pluto and Persephone (detail) -
Damned Soul -
Blessed Soul -
Bust of Antonio Cepparelli -
Bust of Pope Urban VIII -
Bust of Monsignor Carlo Antonio Pozzo -
Self-portrait -
St. Peter's colonade -
St. Peter's baldachin -
Ponte St. Angelo angels
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Reference
uredi- ^ „Bernini, Gian Lorenzo”. Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Pristupljeno 29. 7. 2019.
- ^ „Bernini”. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Pristupljeno 29. 7. 2019.
- ^ „Bernini”. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th izd.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2014. Pristupljeno 29. 7. 2019.
- ^ „Bernini”. Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Pristupljeno 29. 7. 2019.
- ^ „Gian Lorenzo Bernini”. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Pristupljeno 6. 12. 2012.
- ^ Gallery.ca Arhivirano 2010-03-31 na sajtu Wayback Machine. Gale, Thomson (2004). „Gian Lorenzo Bernini”. Encyclopedia of World Biography. For list of Bernini's siblings, see Franco Mormando, Bernini: His Life and His Rome (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011), pp. 2–3.
- ^ Poséq, Avigdor W.G. „On Physiognomic Communication in Bernini”. Artibus et Historiae. 27.54 (2006). More correctly and more specifically, it was Pope Paul V who after first attesting to the boy Bernini's talent, famously remarked: 'This child will be the Michelangelo of his age,' as reported by Domenico Bernini (see F. Mormando, Domenico Bernini's Life of Gian Lorenzo Bernini, 2011, pp. 98 and 100.
- ^ For the newly rediscovered bust of the Savior, see Pietro and Gian Lorenzo Bernini: Bust of the Savior. With an essay by Andrea Bacchi, New York: Andrew Butterfield Fine Arts, 2016. For the other collaborative works, see the 2017 Galleria Borghese exhibition catalogue, Bernini (eds. Andrea Bacchi and Anna Coliva [Milan: Officina Libraria, 2017), respectively pp. 38-41, 68-71, 48-53 and 28.
- ^ Schama, Simon (2006). Simon Schama's Power of Art. London: BBC. str. 111–125 — preko Print. Unfortunately Schama's popularizing version of Bernini's life, done for TV, is not always factually accurate, repeating old unsubstantiated legends.
- ^ For a more nuanced, cautious discussion of the traditional hagiographic view of Bernini as "fervent Catholic" and of his art as simply a direct manifestation of his personal faith, see Mormando, "Bernini's Religion: Myth and Reality," pp. 60–66 of the Introduction to his critical, annotated edition, Domenico Bernini, The Life of Gian Lorenzo Bernini, University Park, Penn State U Press, 2011.See also the same author's article, 'Breaking Through the Bernini Myth' in the online journal, Berfrois, 11 October 2012: [1]
- ^ Briggs, Martin S. „The Genius of Bernini”. The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 26.143 (1915): 197—202.
- ^ Boucher, Bruce (1998). Italian Baroque Sculpture. Thames & Hudson (World of Art). str. 134–42. ISBN 0500203075.
Literatura
uredi- Avery, Charles (1997). Bernini: Genius of the Baroque. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-28633-3.
- Bacchi, Andrea, ur. (2009). I marmi vivi: Bernini e la nascita del ritratto barocco. Firenze: Firenze musei. ISBN 978-8-809-74236-9.
- Bacchi, Andrea; Catherine Hess, Jennifer Montagu, ur. (2008). Bernini and the Birth of Baroque Portrait Sculpture. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. ISBN 978-0-892-36932-4.
- Baldinucci, Filippo (2006) [1682]. The Life of Bernini. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 978-0-271-73076-9.
- Bernini, Domenico (2011) [1713]. Franco Mormando, ur. The Life of Gian Lorenzo Bernini. University Park: Penn State University Press. ISBN 978-0-271-03748-6.
- Borsi, Franco (2005). Bernini. Milano: Rizzoli. ISBN 978-0-847-80509-9.
- Careri, Giovanni (1995). Bernini: Flights of Love, the Art of Devotion
. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09273-7. - Chantelou, Paul Fréart de (1985). Anthony Blunt, ur. Journal du voyage en France du cavalier Bernin. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-833-70531-0.
- Delbeke, Maarten; Evonne Levy; Steven F. Ostrow, ur. (2006). Bernini's Biographies: Critical Essays. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 978-0-271-02901-6.
- Dickerson III, C. D.; Sigel, Anthony; Wardropper, Ian (2012). Bernini: Sculpting in Clay. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0-300-18500-3.
- Fagiolo, Maurizio; Cipriani, Angela (1981). Bernini. Florence: Scala. ISBN 978-8-881-17223-8.
- Ferrari, Oreste (1991). Bernini. Firenze: Giunti Gruppo. ISBN 978-8-809-76153-7.
- Fraschetti, Stanislao (1900). Il Bernini: La sua vita, la sua opera, il suo tempo. Milano: U.Hoepli. ISBN 978-1-248-32889-7.
- Gould, Cecil (1981). Bernini in France: An Episode in Seventeenth Century History. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-77944-5.
- Harris, Ann Sutherland (leto 2003). „Drawings by Sculptors”. Master Drawings. 41 (2): 119—127. JSTOR 1554582.
- Hibbard, Howard (1965). Bernini . London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-140-13598-5.
- Lavin, Irving (1980). Bernini and the Unity of the Visual Arts. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-195-20184-0.
- Lavin, Irving, ur. (1985). Gianlorenzo Bernini: New Aspects of his Art and Thought. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 978-0-271-00387-0.
- Lavin, Irving (2007). Visible Spirit: The Art of Gianlorenzo Bernini. London: Pindar Press. ISBN 978-1-899-82839-5.
- Martinelli, Valentino, ur. (1996). L'ultimo Bernini (1665–1680): nuovi argomenti, documenti e immagini. Roma: Quasar. ISBN 978-8-871-40095-2.
- McPhee, Sarah (2012). Bernini's Beloved: A Portrait of Costanza Piccolomini. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-17527-1.
- Mormando, Franco (2011). Bernini: His Life and His Rome. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-53852-5.
- Morrissey, Jake (2005). The Genius in the Design . New York: William Morrow. ISBN 978-0-060-52533-0.
- Perlove, Shelley Karen (1990). Bernini and the Idealization of Death. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University. ISBN 978-0-271-01477-7.
- Petersson, Robert T. (1970). The Art of Ecstasy: Teresa, Bernini, and Crashaw. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-689-70515-1.
- Petersson, Robert T. (2002). Bernini and the Excesses of Art. Florence: Maschietto editore. ISBN 978-8-887-70083-1.
- Petrucci, Francesco (2007). Bernini pittore / dal disegno al "maraviglioso composto". Ediz. Italiano. Rome: Ugo Bozzi Editore. ISBN 978-88-7003-042-6.
- Petrucci, Francesco; et al., ur. (2007). La Passione di Cristo secondo Bernini. Ediz. Italiano. Rome: Ugo Bozzi Editore. ISBN 978-88-7003-059-4.
- Pinton, Daniel (2009). Bernini. I Percorsi Nell'arte. Ediz. Inglese. ATS Italia Editrice. ISBN 978-8-875-71777-3.
- Scribner III, Charles (2014) [1991]. Gianlorenzo Bernini: Impresario of the Baroque (Revised izd.). New York: Carolus Editions. ISBN 978-1-503-01633-0.
- Warwick, Genevieve (2012). Bernini: Art as Theatre. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-18706-9.
- Wittkower, Rudolf (1955). Gian Lorenzo Bernini: The Sculptor of the Roman Baroque. London: Phaidon Press. ISBN 978-0-801-41430-5.
Spoljašnje veze
uredi
- Spisak Berninijeve arhitekture i skulptura u Rimu
- Đovani Lorenco Bernini - Biografija, stil i dela
- Tools and techniques used by Bernini
- Extract on Bernini from Simon Schama's The Power of Art
- Photographs of Bernini's Santa Maria Assunta
- smARThistory: Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome
- Constantly updated list and discussion of the most recent archival discoveries regarding Bernini's biography and works
- The Vatican: spirit and art of Christian Rome
